Geography Flashcards
What are natural features and natural processes?
Natural features are physical characteristics of the Earth’s surface, such as mountains, rivers, and forests. Natural processes are the ongoing natural activities that shape the Earth, such as erosion, weathering, and volcanic activity.
What are primary and secondary sources in fieldwork techniques?
- Primary sources are firsthand data collected directly from the environment, such as observations, surveys, or measurements.
- Secondary sources are data gathered from other researchers or publications, such as books, reports, or maps.
What are hard engineering and soft engineering in environmental management?
- Hard engineering involves building structures (e.g., dams, sea walls) to control natural processes.
- Soft engineering uses natural methods (e.g., beach nourishment, managed retreat) to reduce environmental risks in a sustainable way.
What are the short- and long-term impacts of coastal living on the environment?
- Short-term impacts include pollution, habitat destruction, and resource depletion.
- Long-term impacts include rising sea levels, coastal erosion, and the loss of biodiversity.
What is the goal of sustainability?
The goal of sustainability is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, balancing economic, environmental, and social considerations.
What is the PQE method?
PQE stands for Pattern, Quantify, and Exception: a method used to analyze data, typically in geography, by identifying the pattern in the data, quantifying it with specific numbers, and noting any exceptions or anomalies.
What are the key principles of ICZM (Integrated Coastal Zone Management)?
The principles of ICZM include sustainable use of coastal resources, protection of coastal environments, and balanced decision-making involving local communities, government, and stakeholders.
What is urbanization?
Urbanization is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population moves from rural areas to urban areas, often resulting in the growth of cities and towns.
What is erosion in a geographical context?
Erosion is the process by which natural forces (such as wind, water, or ice) wear down or remove soil, rock, or other material from the Earth’s surface.
What is degradation?
Degradation refers to the decline in the quality of the environment, often due to human activity, such as deforestation, soil erosion, or pollution.