Geography Flashcards
What is the water cycle?
the physical changes to water that change it’s state and location
What is evaporation?
water is heated by the sun - fresh water to gas
Transpiration?
water evaporates from plants
Condensation?
gas - liquid, water droplets merge to become clouds
Precipitation?
rain, hail, snow, sleet
Infiltration?
groundwater + runoff
Perclocation?
The movement of water through the soil
Describe the water cycle
evaporation - condensation - precipitation - surface runoff - groundwater - transpiration
Processes/steps of the water cycles?
step 1 - precipitation
step 2 - transfer and storage - surface run off, infiltrationa and perlocation, lakes, dams, rivers
step 3 - river flows out to sea
What is a water catchment
area drained by the river also known as a river basin
what is a catchment
water is collected by natural landscape e.g. hands collecting downpour
What is a watershed
water can go one way or the other- a boundary
What is a steep catchment
very little water retained
groundwater recharge is minimal
large water volume
moves out quickly
What is a flat catchment
surface water retained seeps into soil to be groundwater causing water tables to be shallower
small volume of water moves out slowly after rainfall
closed basin?
all surface water drains to lowest point in catchment, no streams leave - wter evaporates
Aquifer
a body of rock that hold groundwater
What are spatial distribution patterens
the location and arrangement of phenomenol activities across earths surface
6 reasons unlimited water isn’t avalible for everyone
1) landlocked
2) no permeable surfaces for groundwater
3) no river systems
4) desert
5) no precipitation
6) no water flowng down
water is
key to survival, and enviromental recourse renewable and there is a pressure on it’s supply
the source of the river is
where water starts collecting
the confluence of the river is when
2 rivers join
the tribituary of teh river is
when a large river joins up to a smaller one at some point
types of water on the earth’s surface
rivers, dams, lakes, resovoirs
4 main types of water
surface water
groundwater
desalinated water
recycled water
80% of the earth’s freshwater is
surface water
surface water can be replenished by
rain
positives of surface water
cheap, easy access, dams protect from floods
negatives of surface water
easy contamination, treatment for pollution is expensive
dams can cause floods
steps of taking the salt our of water
- suck in seawater
- clean
- reverse osmosis
- final cleaning
positive of desalination water
we won’y run out
negative of desalinated water
expensive, leftover salt could wreck nearby ocean
groundwater is
water under the surface
how does groundwater work
- water sinks through gaps betweeb sediment, soil/sand/gravel
- hits something hard
- fills gaps
- we dig bores to pump water out
positives and negatives of groundwater
cheap
easy
can be dug close to wherever needed
clean - hard to contaminate
long time to replenish
all water is really
recycled water
positives of recycled water
smart and quick
renewable
negatives of recycled water
if cleanibg doesnt work people get sick
idea is gross
politicians lose votes
factors that influence water flows and the avalibility of water resources in different palces
latitude
altitude
topography
location
climate change
Latitude affect on water flows and resources
because the earth is round and it tilts back and forth towards the sun, the pokles distance will affect climate
more radiation
hotter
less radiation
colder
Altitude: how high an area is will also affect
water avalibility
tropic of cancer
up
Location - landlocked will afeect
water avalibility
topography
weather and climate patterns influence evaporation rates as does the shape. - water avalibility
more heat - more evaporation
dry land - droughts
more heat - glaciers melt
less freshwater
more heat - ice caos melt
sea levels rise - floods
different parts of aus get more rain than otheres
tully most rain
not alll aussie land has
unlimited access to water
wiyout rain, lakes, river and aquifers can’t be
replenished
city uses drains
as groundwater bores
In scale : means
represents
1cm on a map means
25000 cm on land if 1:25000
how to measure a straight line distnace
1) measure in cm
2) check the scale
3) if !:25000 times by 25000
Boltss
Border
Orientatiom
Legend
Title
Scale
Source
Border
feature around the map
orientation
compass directions
legend
key
title
general info
scale
size, height, dimensions
source
where map came from
eastings are
vertical lines
northings are
horizontal line
area refrence
4 digit
grid reference
6 digit
along the corridor and
up the stairs
never eat soggy
weetbix
What is a contour interval
the differnece in elevation represented by each contour line on a toppgraphic map
Contour lines
lines on a map that join places of the smae height
relief
is the term used fro the differences in height from place to plaace on the surface - height difference
PQE
PATTERN, QUANTIFY, EXCEPTIONS
PATTERN
general overview of any patterns you can see. e.g. forest seems to be located in northa nd west africa
QUANTIFY
use statistics e.g. 240.3 million hectares of forest in central africa
EXCEPTIONS
what doesn’t fit e.g. however ther are also forets regions located in south and east africa too
