Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semestertest 2 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

NIC

A

1960s, South Korea, Portugal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RIC

A

1980s-90s, Thailand, Chile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

OPEC

A

Saudi Arabia, Venezuela

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GNI

A

with FDI, output by resident producers, product taxes, income from abroad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GNP

A

Wealth produced by nationals of a country
In or outside of the country, excludes profit that’s sent away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GDP

A

without FDI,value of national output, income and expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FDI

A

Investment by a company/ individual in business in another country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PPP

A

Purchasing power parity: difference of purchasing power at different locations - currency strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HDI

A

0-1, 0.8<high, 0.5>low
(Gender) equality, political freedom, environmental sustainability, global perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Difference North, South and East, West

A

Sweden: north extreme climate
Italy: less developed in the South
Germany: East West difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BRIC

A

Brasil, Russia, India, China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation- 32 members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fourth world

A

Population inside a country that experiences oppression and very different development to that of the country as a whole
Australia - Aborigine
New Zealand - Maori
Canada - First Nation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Forth World Problems

A

Feel excluded from society, culture may not be represented, lack of healthcare, lack of education, substance Apu abuse, challenge of diet, possible social protests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

GDP measuring problems

A

Pollution, environmental degradation
Nuclear warheads
Weapons
Imprisonment
Quality of education, food and life
Happiness of the population
No measure of personal qualities
Measures demerit goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Development characteristics of a country

A

Literacy rates
Percentage of people with access to free primary healthcare
Average income per person
Percentage of people with access to clean water
Percentage of malnourished people
Average life expectancy
Percent of people with access to primary education
The unemployment rates
The quality is not measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes for LDC’s

A

GNI per Capita<1025$ per year
Human factors:
Exploitation through colonialism
Corruption due to an unstable government
Landlocked no coastline
Civil War

Physical factors:
Latitude
Climate
Lack of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Exploitation

A

Cheap labour
FDI
Wealth versus health
Raw materials and resources
Unequal relationship
Balance of traits
The rich get richer, the poor get poorer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes for underdevelopment

A

Modernisation, Dependency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Modernisation

A

Lack of industrialisation
Imposition of western and capitalist values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dependency

A

Exploitation of the periphery
Neo marxism
Holders of resources and processors of wealth
Imperialism
Inability to develop capital systems that manufacture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The circle

A

Periphery
Semi-periphery
Core - resources come in, goods come out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rostow Model

A

Stages of Economic Growth
Please revise!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Connection health & development

A

Health improves development, cause of poor health is often poverty - it’s the root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Investment in health results in…

A
  1. Improved health status
  2. Enhanced Labor productivity
  3. Improved educational attainment
  4. Increased savings and investment
  5. Fewer dependency ratio
    -> Improved economic growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Health indicators

A

Affordable & quality healthcare
Access to clean drinking water
Improved levels of sanitation (toilets, sewers)
Reduce levels of HIV (education)
Reduce infant mortality
Reduce poverty (living conditions & malnutrition)
Improved conditions at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Uganda Doctors vs US

A

1:20000 vs. 1:182 & 1:130

28
Q

Uganda Health Issues 1.

A

Alcohol (Waragi - War Gin) = moonshine Gin
Highest per-capita consumption in the world
Makes up 50% of family income

29
Q

Uganda Health issues 2.

A

Maternal health
2015: 435:100k
2020: 284:100k

30
Q

Uganda Health issues 3.

A

HIV/AIDS
Every hour: 50 young women infected with HIV
60% of countries have laws to regulate HIV
22x more likely to have HIV when using drugs

31
Q

Causes & consequences of HIV

A

Malnutrition due to poverty weakens immune syst.
Orphaned children
Discrimination of infected people
Lack of education
Sex industry workers
Once one is sick: poorer and poorer
Children have to take care of siblings
-> no education, become unemployable

32
Q

What does Malaria need in order to spread?

A

Mosquitoes (Vector)
A host (human)
The parasite (Plasmodium)
Warm, humid climate for breeding
Stagnant water sources
Lack of control measure

33
Q

What are symptoms of malaria?

A

Flu symptoms
More extreme:
Seizures & coma
Difficulty breathing
Anemia
Organ failure
Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

34
Q

How many & where are people at risk of Malaria?

A

3.3 billion
Most in sub-Saharan Africa

35
Q

How is Malaria spread?

A

Mosquito bites human
Parasite attacks liver
Gets into blood
Next mosquito picks up parasite and spreads again
Can also be transmitted in a pregnancy

36
Q

Methods of Malaria control

A

Biological
Physical
Chemical

37
Q

Biological Malaria Control

A

Embryo screening
Genetical engineering
Fungis to prevent mosquito spread
Use of natural predators
Remove plants that may provide a habitat

38
Q

Physical Malaria Control

A

Mosquito nets/appropriate clothing
Change environment
Cut weed in which they lay eggs, fish can reach
Drain stagnant water away
Screens over doors & windows
Cover cracks and gaps in walls and floor

39
Q

Chemical malaria control

A

Acid kills mosquito and eggs
Better medical treatment
Kill parasite before it spreads
DEET
Use oil on surface of water to starve larvae’s of oxygen
Spray Paris green on water or dark areas inside

40
Q

Criticism on malaria control methods

A

Use of oil on water
Burying waste
Use of pesticides and insecticides on food,ecology and human health

41
Q

Where can colonial control be?

A

The legal system
Army/military control
Ethnic cleansing
The media
Create a government
Economy

42
Q

Neo - Colonialism

A

A form of indirect control over developing countries, often by former colonies
Less direct political control
More economic control

43
Q

Dependency theory

A

economic development of certain countries is conditioned by the external influences of more developed countries

44
Q

Dependency Theory: trade

A

Raw material export prices in contrast with high prices developing countries have to pay for manufactured goods

45
Q

Dependency Theory: FDI

A

Ownership & control
Misuse of environment, poor wages & conditions
Profits leave poor country & go back to host country

46
Q

Dependency Theory: Aid

A

Charity
Short-term: emergencies
Long-term: development aid
Tied & untied
With strings attached
How to repay?

47
Q

Intermediate technology/appropriate technology

A

Transferred from rich to poor countries
Labor intensive - creates workplaces
Sustainable technology
Knowledge of local people
In harmony with local government

48
Q

Dependency Theory: Debt relief

A

LEDCs took out huge loans in 1970s
Wanted to use it for development projects
Added interest makes debt bigger
So large it could never be paid off
Opportunity cost due to loan payments and not healthcare & education

49
Q

Loans given to people in LEDSs to start a small business

A

Microfinance loans
e.g. on wold vision
Loan & training received
Business grows & jobs are created
Improved lives, loan is repaid

50
Q

Nigerias Position

A

West Africa
North: Niger
East: Chad & Cameroon
South: Gulf of Guinea
West: Republic of Benin

51
Q

History of Nigeria

A

Colonised by Britain 1884 for resources
Process of self-government started 1953
Independence 1960
Democratic democratic federal republic 1999

52
Q

Inequalities of development

A

Gender
Nationality
Religion
Sexuality
Ethnicity
+income
+age
+health
->HIV/AIDS & Malaria

53
Q

Gini coefficient

A

Between 0 and 1
Measures degree of inequality
A/B from Lorenz curve

54
Q

Globalisation definition

A

The process of increasing interconnectedness & interdependence among countries, primarily driven by advances in technology, trade & communication.

55
Q

Technological Globalisation

A

Faster global transactions
Instant communication
Online businesses home office
Tech companies: Google, Apple, Amazon

56
Q

Economic Globalisation

A

Trade, investment, shared ideas
Worlds economy more interdependant & interconnected
Balance of trade
Global supply chain
FDI: BMW factory in China
Migration for work & education

57
Q

Cultural

A

Food culture
Religion
Sport
Cultural homogenisation in Europe
Consumption, culture, media

58
Q

Political Globalisation

A

Beyond centrality of the nation state
International organisations: EU,UN,NATO
Transnational political movements for environment & human rights
Global financial institutions
Global inequalities

59
Q

Environmental Globalisation

A

Any way in which a country could have an influence on the environment of another country with or without it being its own fault
Pollution, cloud seeding, resource depletion
Destruction of living space
(Non) governmental organisations: WWF/carbon tax
Natural disasters

60
Q

Interdependence

A

Mutual reliance between two or more groups
MNCs/TNCs depend on countries for resources & workforce

61
Q

Globalisation and distance

A

Trade of goods
Shipping & communication
Distance shrinks as a barrier

62
Q

Globalisation and space

A

Homogenisation of music, cuisine, culture etc.
diffusion of products through FDI

63
Q

Globalisation and time

A

Looses significance
Communication & travel very fast
Technology plays a key role
Island communities isolated
Longer for shorter distances - fast trains

64
Q

Elements of trade

A

Volume: value
Direction: primary trading partners
Composition: balance of trade = development

65
Q

Growth of TNCs

A

Horizontal & vertical integration, economies of scale
Controlling costs to maximise profits
Financial support from banks
Improved transport & communication

Semestertest 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions