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Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 classifications of movements of the earth?

A

Endogenic, Exogenic

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2
Q

The earth’s crust consists of several large and some small, rigid, irregularlyshaped plates (slabs)
which carry continents and the ocean floor. What are these?

A

Lithospheric Plates

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3
Q

Define a volcano

A

Vent in earth’s uneven surface through which molten material erupts suddenly

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4
Q

Where is the earthquake’s magnitude the highest?

A

Epicentre

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5
Q

True or False? The earthquake’s origin point is known as Epicentre and is located above the surface on the crust

A

False

Check Diagram

The earthquake’s origin point is known as Focus and is located below the surface in the mantle

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6
Q

Raju took the following terms. P waves, S waves, L waves. How can you classify them?

A

Earthquake Waves

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7
Q

True or False? L waves are surface waves and P waves are Transverse waves

A

False

Did you know box

P waves are Longitudinal

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8
Q

Which waves first hit the seismograph?

A

The P waves

P waves also called as Primary Waves

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9
Q

case study based:

The Brahmaputra river originates in the Himalayas and enters india via arunachal pradesh. When it is entering india, it forms a structure called the great bend. This is like the shape of a C and is curved. What feature of a river is this?

A

Meanders

The Brahmaputra river meanders near Arunachal pradesh to form the structure called the great bend

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10
Q

The landscape is constantly being changed by 2 main processes. What are they?

A

Weathering Erosion

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11
Q

Seismograph is measured on the ________ scale?

A

Richter Scale

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12
Q

case study based:

Information about an earthquake hitting Bengaluru is passed ETA 5 minutes. Where are the ideal spots you should hide in and stay away from (1+1 = 2 marks)

A
  • Hide: Under Kitchen counter, table, desk against a wall.
  • Stay Away From: Fire places, Chimneys, Mirrors and Picture frames
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13
Q

What was the scale of the Bhuj earthquake on the republic day, 2001?

A

6.9

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14
Q

name any 3 destructions caused by earthquakes

A
  1. Fires
  2. Phone Lines, Transmitters, water pipes destroyed
  3. schools affected
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15
Q

What is the cut off lake formed by the river called? also tell of which proccess’s result is this

A

Ox-Bow Lake (Horseshoe lake), Meandering

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16
Q

Raised banks near the rivers are called

A

leeves

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17
Q

Logically, which is more fertile. floodplains or levees

A

Floodplains

Levees can be man made - concrete or artificial - mud. The flood plain is made up often of fertile land which encourages villages but then these can be at risk. When the river is full, it floods into the flood plain and leaves behind fertile soil.

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18
Q

True or False? Each tributary forms its own mouth at delta

A

False

Each distributary forms its own mouth at delta

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19
Q

Define a tributary

A

A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake.

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20
Q

Explain in 2 sentences how the earths surface changes

A

This process of erosion and deposition create different landforms on the surface of the earth.
1) Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice.
2) The eroded material is carried away or transported by water, wind, etc. and eventually deposited.

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21
Q

Name any one place where large deposits of loess are usually found

A

china

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22
Q

What are the features of mushroom rocks?

A

Narrow base, wide top due to erosion of lower section

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23
Q

Define sand dune

A

sand falls and gets deposited in low hill – like structures.
These are called sand dunes

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24
Q

True or False? Water is a weathering agent

A

True

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25
Q

How do glaciers erode soil

A

they erode the landscape by bulldozing soil and stones to
expose the solid rock below

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26
Q

What is the composition of a glacial moraine

A

Sand, Silt, Small and big rocks

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27
Q

What is formed due to depositional activity of the sea waves

A

Beaches

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28
Q

Define Gorges

A

a narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls and a stream running through it.

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29
Q

Sea arches are formed after sea caves. Which landform does the sea waves create by eroding sea arches?

A

Stacks

Further, erosion breaks the roof and only walls are left. These wall like features are called stacks.

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30
Q

The River splits into several ____ before entering the delta

A

Distributaries

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31
Q

cross chapter connect

Name any 3 tributaries of the river Ganga

A

Son, Tamsa, Yamuna

Yamuna is the largest tributary

Alakananda, Ramganga, Kali, Chambal, Gomti, Ghagra, Kosi, Sone etc.,

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32
Q

True or False? When a beach is formed, we can call it a result of exogenic actions

A

True

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33
Q

Name any 3 depositional landforms of rivers

A

Levees, Floodplains, Deltas,

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34
Q

Define Isthmus

A

a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land.

Isthmus of Panama connects South america & North America

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35
Q

True or False? Waterfall is due to the depositional activity of water

A

False

Due to erosional activity of water

When the river tumbles at steep angle over very hard rocks or
down a steep valley side it forms a waterfall

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36
Q

Endogenic forces are divided into 2 categories. Give examples for each

A

Sudden- Earthquakes, Volcano
Diastrophic- Building mountain

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37
Q

How does a wind derive its name?

A

It derives its name from the direction it blows

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38
Q

Define temperature

A

Degree of the rate of heat or cold is called as the temperature

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39
Q

What would happen if spacesuits were not worn while traveling to outerspace?

A

On the moon there is no air and hence no air pressure. Astronauts have to wear special protective space suits
filled with air when they go to the moon. If they did not wear these space suits, the counter pressure exerted by the body of the astronauts would make the blood vessels
burst. The astronauts would bleed.

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40
Q

give any 4 examples of local winds

A
  • Loo in India
  • Foehn in the Alps
  • Chinook in the US
  • Sirocco in Sahara
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41
Q

What shows the wind’s direction

A

Wind wane

42
Q

define insolation

A

Insolation is the incoming solar energy intercepted by the earth.

43
Q

Define troposphere

A

This layer is the most important layer of
the atmosphere. Its average height is 13 km. The air
we breathe exists here. Almost all the weather
phenomena like rainfall, fog and hailstorm occur in this layer.

44
Q

Define terrarium

A

It is an artificial enclosure for keeping small house plants.

45
Q

Raju was standing on the beach of bay of bengal. He noticed that when he touched the water it was pretty warm. Which current was this?

A

Equitorial counter warm current

46
Q

During which days does neap tide occur

A

when moon is in its quarters

47
Q

Define Population density

A

It means the number of persons that live in one sq. km. of area

48
Q

What do frogs use for laying their eggs?

A

Bromeliads

Water Pockets

49
Q

What are the different types of animals are found in the Amazon basin?

A
  • Birds like Macaw, toucan, and oversized bills
  • Animals like monkey, sloth, ant-eaters, tapirs
  • Species of reptiles and snakes such as the boa constrictor and ananconda
  • Home to several insects and special fish like pirana
50
Q

Name the countries in which the amazon basin is present

A

Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecaudor, Colombia, Venezuela

51
Q

Where do tribes in the amazon basin live?

A

The rainforests provide a lot of wood for the houses.
Some families live in thatched houses shaped like
beehives. There are other large apartment-like houses
called “Maloca” with a steeply slanting roof.

52
Q

What are the main crops of the Ganga Brahmaputra Basin?

A

Wheat, maize, sorghum, gram, millets, sugarcane, jute, banana plantations, Silk (Assam & Bihar), decidous trees, peepal, teak, sal

53
Q

What is the name of the Ganga river conservation project?

A

Namami

54
Q

What were tribes of women warriors in anceint roman empire?

A

amazons

55
Q

What are the 3 types of rainfall?

A

Orographic, Convectional, Cyclonic

Orographic rainfall also called as relief rainfall. Cyclonic rainfall alsco called Frontal rainfall

55
Q

Define air circulation

A

The mixing of cold and warm air is known as air circulation. Warm air rises up and cold air gushes into to take its place.

Due to convection

56
Q

Write any 3 effects of global warming

A
  • Snow in cold parts melts
  • Sea level rises causing floods
  • Extinction of animals
56
Q

Why are cities usually warmer than villages?

A

temperature in cities is much higher than that of villages. The concrete and metals and asphalt of roads get heated up during day and is released during night. Crowded high rise buildings trap warm air and makes cities warmer.

Urbanization is a factor of global warming

57
Q

The distribution of air pressure horizontally is influenced by?

A

temperature of air at a given place

58
Q

Differntiate easterlies and westerlies

A

easterlies are wind patterns that move from the East to the West, whereas Westerlies move from the West to the East

59
Q

define environment

A

surroundings of a living being

60
Q

True or False? Barter system emerged due to the industrial revolution

A

False

Barter system arose due to production of excess crop and need for external materials or crop that were not available

61
Q

What forms the ecosystem

A

relation between living organisms, as well as relation between organisms and surroundings forms ecosystem

62
Q

Where is the deepest mine

A

South africa

4 km

63
Q

What are the 2 parts of lithosphere

A

Asthenosphere and the crust

64
Q

What are the types of rocks

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

65
Q

igneous rocks are called as

A

primary rocks

66
Q

what is the word origin for the 3 types of rocks

A

Igneous- Ignis (fire)
Sedimentary- sedimentum (settle down)
metamorphic - metamorphose (change form)

all in greek

67
Q

this is the 69th card lol

Define fossils

A

remains of dead plants and animals trapped between layers of rock

68
Q

radius of earth?

A

6371 km

69
Q

which layer makes up most of earth

A

Mantle (84%)

70
Q

What is the core made up of

A

NiFe

Nickel + Iron (ferrous)

71
Q

Continental crust is made up of

A

Sial

silica and aluminia

72
Q

oceanic crust is made up of

A

Sima

Silica and magnesia

73
Q

give daily life usage of some intrusive igneous rocks

A

Granite used in platforms and grinding stones

74
Q

extrusive igneous rocks make up the

A

deccan plateau

Basalt

75
Q

clay and limestone turn into

A

Clay to slate and limestone to marble

76
Q

under what conditions do rocks usually change

A

heat and pressure

77
Q

define minerals

A

Naturally occuring substances having physical properties (certain) and a definite chemical composition

78
Q

name the important port along river hooghly

A

Kolkata

79
Q

when was swacch bharat abhiyan introduced

A

2nd oct, 2014

80
Q

what is another name for ladakh

A

khapa chan

snow land

81
Q

define gompas

A

traditional monasteries found in northern part of brahmaputra-ganga basin (ladakh)

82
Q

give examples of any 3 monasteries

A

hemis, thiksey, shey, lamayuru

83
Q

leh is connected to kashmir by

A

National highway 1A and the Zoji la pass

84
Q

when is manali leh highway open? why?

A

July to september as the snow is cleared off

85
Q

Chiru antelope gives us something special. what?

A

shahtoosh

light weight and warm wool

86
Q

what surrounds the ladakh desert

A

Zanskar mountains (south), karakoram range (north) and china to the east

87
Q

coldest inhabited place on earth

A

drass

88
Q

explain the fauna of ladakh

A

several species of birds. Robins, redstarts, tibetan snowcocks, raven, hoopoe are common (migratory). animals include yak, wild goat, dogs

89
Q

how is cultrual landscape of sahara changing

A
  1. the discovery of oil has caught the eye of several business
  2. The rich flora and fauna make it worthwile for tourists
  3. bedouins and tuaregs are now guides
  4. trucks replace camels and buildings replace camel paths
90
Q

how are depressions and oasis formed

A

when wind blows away sands. in depressions, underground water reaches surface and oasis is formed.

91
Q

define ocean currents

A

Streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions.

92
Q

case study based

John is a person living on the coast of mexico, north america. He fishes for a livelihood. He used to live in Asia. Ever since he moved here, his business has skyrocketed. Why?

A

The areas where the warm and cold currents meet provide best fishing grounds of the world. The coast of north america is one such example

93
Q

which layer of the atmosphere is ideal for flying aeroplanes and hosts the ozone layer?

A

Stratosphere

10-50 km

94
Q

True or false? Amount of insolation decreases from the poles towards the equator.

Highest at poles and lowest at equator

A

False

Highest insolation at equator ; lowest at poles

Amount of insolation decreases from the equator towards poles

95
Q

what is caused by diastophic movements of earth

A

building mountains

96
Q

define rock

A

any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earths crust

97
Q

define rock cycle

A

Changing of one type of rock to another type under certain conditions in a cyclic manner

98
Q

If Red fort is made of red sandstone then taj mahal is made of

A

White marble

Social Science (1 decks)

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