Geography Flashcards
What are enterprise zones
Placed where the uk government offers companies help with start up costs, reduced taxes in profits and access to super fast broadband.
What are regional development grants
Available all over the UK and includes grants and advice to help business start up. Most are targeted at rural peripheral areas
What are EU grants
Helps the poorest regions of EU where the GDP is below 75% of EU average
How had the government tried to improve transport
Most transport investment is taking part in England’s urban core however the Scottish government has invested in new borders railway
Whats retirement migration
Older people retire to a different part of the UK e.g. Cornwall, Devon or Dorset. This is because it is perceived to have beautiful scenery, slower pace of life and lower crime rates adding large numbers of old people puts pressure on healthcare services and increases house prices. higher house prices means more young adults have to move away so there is a shortage of adults or young children.
What’s rural to urban migration
Farming can be difficult due to steep slopes, high mountains and thin soils Apart from fishing in isolated wall areas, there are fewer jobs opportunities, so young people move to find a job in cities which leaves a large concentration of older people
What’s counter urbanisation
When people move away from cities to rule areas
International migration
In 2014, 560,000 people immigrated to the UK, mainly for jobs in cities, such as London because of the industries and services Autoro areas for farming jobs 317,000 people emigrated from the UK.
Impact of international migration
Provide a source of cheap and unskilled labour, as well as skilled labour migration is to cities increase population density and put pressure on services. E.g. schools
Decline in North East
Economy of Northeast used to be dominated by heavy industry e.g. coal mining in the last 50 years it has declined due to foreign competition, Highland and labour costs and end of coal deposits. between 2007 and 2013. Unemployment rate is quickly to 8%. The contribution of the area to national GDP is only 2% in rural areas economy still relies. Heavily on agriculture. Manufacturing is based in urban areas but in place for people due to increase in machines and new technology, tertiary activities have increase which has reduced unemployment slightly.
Rise in south east
Manufacturing industry is growing rapidly in urban areas e.g. oil refineries. Southeast region is also important for tertiary and quaternary industries where there is a range of financial and business service firms located unemployment is a low 6%. There is also transport, e.g. a range of motorways for major airports, ports for imports and exports in markets and labour 19 million people for goods and services. There is corporate headquarters for many firms as well.
Globalisation
Manufacturing tertiary and quarter nary industries I’ll be an increasing affected by decisions and events and other parts of the world
Network linking countries together, e.g. Internet, trade and blocks. Flows goods and services that move through networks e.g. raw, materials, goods, monies and workers. Global players organisations that have a big impact on the working of the global economy. E.g. TNCs
Privatisation
The challenge and ownership of services, such as rubbish collection from the public sector to the private sector
Privatisation advantages
Increased foreign direct investment from businesses, wanting to invest in the UK increased awareness of global market and increased competition
Privatisation disadvantages
Efficiency leads to job losses profits from some UK-based firms going abroad
