Geography Flashcards
Evaporation
Process of liquid water becoming water vapour due to heating. Normally the sun
Condensation
Process of water vapour becoming a liquid water again. Occurs due to cooling, often at altitude to form clouds.
Precipitation
Any form of water falling from the sky. Most commonly rain but can be snow, hail or sleet
Weather
The climatic conditions of a place right here and right now. Varies very quickly
Climate
The average weather conditions for a particular place over 30 years or more
Microclimate
The climate of a small area which is different to its general surroundings
Water surplus
When an area has more water available than it actually needs to use
Water deficit
When an area has less water available than it actually needs to use
Tidal power
Way of generating electricity renewably by using the power of rising and falling tides
Hydroelectric power
Turbines in a dam generate electricity as water is released from the reservoir behind
Kielder water
Large reservoir in Northern England from which water is transferred to the south where there is water deficit
Cholera
A water born disease which is common in areas which lack a clean water source
Transpiration
Water vapour released by plants as they respire. This can rise and form clouds
Saturated ground
Soil which is already full of water and therefore cannot absorb any more if further rainfall occurs
Population density
A measure of how crowded somewhere is, expressed as people per km2
Sparsely populated
An area with a low population density
Densely populated
An area with a high population density
Birth rate
The number of babies born per 1000 people
Death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 people
Population pyramid
A graph that shows the percentage of males and females within different age groups
Economically active
People who work
Young dependents
People who are too young to work
Migration
The permanent/ semipermanent movement of people, involving a change of home
Push factor
Reasons to leave
Pull factor
Attractions of a new place
Immigrant
Someone entering a country
Emigrant
Someone leaving a country
Why are areas sparsely populated
Very hot, mountainous areas, very dry, famine, poor soils, very cold, very wet
Why are areas densely populated
Flat land, mild temperatures, jobs, resources available, coastal regions, good harvest, sufficient rainfall
What would a LIC population pyramid show
High death rate, few amount of elderly, high birth rate, high infant mortality
What would a HIC population pyramid show
Low death rate, many middle aged and elderly people, low and falling birth rate
Why was the One Child Policy needed
The population of China was 1.5 billion and grew by 10 million every year which put a huge strain on the environment, economy, land and food supply
Rewards of following the One Child Policy
Huge wage bonuses and free medical care
Punishments of not following the One Child Policy
A fine 10x the yearly wage, no promotion or wage increase, no nursing or better housing, loss of job and sterilisation
How did Kerala manage the population
Encouraging a higher marriage, educating women in health care, vaccinations, treating girls as equals and free contraception
Why are Mexicans migrating to the USA
Cheaper health care, more doctors, more jobs, better education and healthcare, more food and healthy water, and more pay
List some push factors
No jobs, pollution, poor housing, flooding, high crime rate, poor healthcare and natural disasters
List some pull factors
Higher wages, better education, political stability, better housing and medical care, and better security
