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Geograpy 135 > Geography 135 > Flashcards

Geography 135 Flashcards

1
Q

Multiculturalism

A

The doctrine that many different cultures can and should coexist peacefully and equitably in the same space.

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2
Q

Ethnicty

A

A group with a common origin and cultural tradition and cultural hearth/homeland that exists within a host culture
We are born into it

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3
Q

Problems of with the word ethnic and its meaning?

A

The way we use it

“Mexican Americans is a language base”

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4
Q

Functions of Ethnic groups

A 
Still exists
Keepers of tradition
Have political power base
Business successes
Friendship/marriage
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5
Q

How does perception play into ethnicity?

A

May not see eye to eye
Dont understand dynamics of other groups
Stereotyping
Who’s defining the ethnicity?

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6
Q

Acculturation

A

A group changes enough to function within a host society

Ex: clothing changes

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7
Q

Assimilation

A

Complete blending with the host society
US and Canada
US is often called a melting pot
Canada is often called a tossed salad

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8
Q

Can a ethnic group assimilate?

A

There is some connecting of cultures

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9
Q

Nationality

A

An identity within a group of people who share legal attachment or personal allegiance to a particular country

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10
Q

Race

A

An artificial classification based on minor biological/genetic differences
Ex: Jim Crow Law

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11
Q

Does racism still exist in the US?

A

Yes, because of recent police brutality in the news and many other issues
Past generations hold grudges

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12
Q

Ethnicity and Diversity

A

Mixed ethnicities

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13
Q

Language

A

Spanish and Portuguese

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14
Q

Creole

A

A mixture of native and new languages

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15
Q

Haciendas and Plantations

A

Land use management types

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16
Q

Religion

A

Christian, some indigenous religion

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17
Q

Population Distribution

A

Latin American inland
Most live in cities
Primate city: overwhelming impact

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18
Q

Doctrine of 1st Effective Settlement

A

First culture to effectively dominate an area will have the largest lasting effects on it

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19
Q

Colonization

A

The patter of one country asserting power in establishing a reliance abroad to increase economic power and wealth back home
Began in 1492

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20
Q

Imperialism

A

Expansion of a countries territory over another, often an unequal relationship centered on domination

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21
Q

Post-colonialism

A

Study of the impacts of colonialism

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22
Q

How is colonialism still alive in Latin America?

A 
Food: bananas and fruit
Missionary work
Panama canal
Drugs/oils
Cuba
23
Q

Development

A

Process of improving the conditions of people, usually economically, through diffusion of knowledge, technology and finance

24
Q

Policies and Funding to promote development:

A

Policies: self-sufficiency, global trade and fair trade
Funding: loans (IMF/world bank), micro-loans

25
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Using economic, political and cultural controls to influence another country (often a former colony)

26
Q

Globalization

A

Increased linkages between cultures breaking down traditional barriers and making traditional borders less meaningful

27
Q

Nation

A

A group of people who share a common cultural background and history
Family-Clan-Tribe-NATION
Diff from ethnicity? Ethnicity is a minority culture within a nationality

28
Q

State

A

A legalized territory with an effective independent (sovereign) system of governance

29
Q

Nation-State

A

When nation and state boundaries coincide

Ex: Iceland, Sweden

30
Q

Boundary

A

A thin vertical plane with no width that separates two territories

31
Q

What role do boundaries play for nations? States?

A

Nations: Protection/separation, values
States: Distinguish authority, economies, resources, identity

32
Q

Boundary Creation: 4 Types

A

Description
Delimitation (official mapping)
Demarcation (physical implementation)
Administration (maintenance)

33
Q

Three Types of Morphological Boundary Types

A

Mathematical/Geometric: straight or curved lines
Physiographic (natural): lakes and oceans, ex: Ohio River
Ethnographic/Anthropogenic: drawn with respect to cultural things, ex: languages

34
Q

Three Types of Evolutionary Boundary Types

A

Antecedent: drawn before they settle
Subsequent: after cultures plant themselves in place, after wars
Superimposed: outside power stating the boundaries they want to see, ex: Africa

35
Q

Relic Boundaries

A

Ancient boundaries, doesn’t function anymore, still see it though
Ex: Great Wall of China

36
Q

Centripetal Forces

A

An attribute, object or influence that unifies people, nations or states
Ex: sports, tragedy, holidays

37
Q

Rasion D’etre

A

“Reason for being”

An idea, ideology, common purpose that binds people together

38
Q

Iconography

A

A symbol

Ex: Flag

39
Q

Centrifugal Forces

A

An attribute, object, or influence that tends to disrupt or tear apart people, nation or state.
Ex: politics, religion, war

40
Q

Roma People in Europe

A

Live on less than $12 a day
Live 15 years less than the average human
Roma women were in the parliament
In 2004 they joined the council of Europe
They are a transnational nation
They get along with other people (centripetal)
Different states (centrifugal)

41
Q

Post colonialism in Europe

A

“More than any other region, Europe has shaped the human geography of the modern world”

Ex: Denmark cartoons, London bombing of 2005, Paris attacks

42
Q

Supranational Organizations

A

Unification of several states/nations into a group that carries out government functions and economic roles for that group of states/nations
Ex: United Nations, NATO, European Union

43
Q

Regions Name and Significance

A 
Russia and the Near Abroad
Post Soviet Region
Russia and its Neighbor
USSR
Sphere of Influence
44
Q

USSR

A 
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The Iron Curtain
Enemies
Satellite States
Eastern BLOC/communist BLOC
Russian/Soviet Empire
45
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Group of countries that allied themselves to the soviet union

46
Q

Impact of Imperialism

A

Borders, big countries broken up into smaller countries

47
Q

Multinational States

A

State with large expansions, many different nations within a state
By force an empire become a centripetal force

48
Q

Yugoslavia

A 
5 nationalities
4 languages
3 religions
2 alphabets
Many different empires
Joseph Tito died, all hell broke loose
49
Q

Balkanization

A

Named after the geographic feature –> Balkan Peninsula

Fragmentation of a region into smaller, other hostile political units (the process)

50
Q

Shatterbelt

A

Broken up group of countries
A region where boundaries have been redrawn many times (the pattern)
Ex: Yugoslavia

51
Q

Ethnic Cleansing

A

The process where a more powerful ethnicity removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region

52
Q

Ethnic Conflict

A

Longstanding conflict
Desire for autonomy
Desire for supremacy
Fear of oppression

53
Q

Switzerland vs. Yugoslavia

A

Switzerland: 4 nationalities, 3 religions, no empire, maintained neutral stance, most peaceful country
Differences: neutrality, money, ecology of the place
Why? Because they haven’t had an empire, they govern themselves, physical geography is influenced

Geograpy 135 (1 decks)

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