Geography Flashcards
What is a tributary
A tributary is a stream or creek running off a body of water
E.g a creek running off a river
What is the definition of the environment
the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
What does bolts stand for
B: border
O: orientation
L: legend
T: title
S: scale
What are the types of environments
Biophysical- completely natural e.g rainforest
Controlled- man made e.g city
Managed- a mix of man made and biophysical e.g farm
What are the physical elements of the environment
Hydrosphere- the water
Lithosphere- the Earths solid outer shell
Atmosphere- the combination of gases
Biosphere- where plants and animals live
What are the elements of the human environment
Social- the way in which people organise themselves and others to live in a community
Cultural- the beliefs, traditions and practices characteristic to a group of people
Economic- the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services
Political- the manner in which a country and society is generally governed
What are the steps of the water cycle?
- Evaporation and transpiration
- Condensation
- Precipitation
(1). Infiltration
(2). Groundwater movement
(3). Groundwater runoff
- Runoff
What is the definition of Groundwater
Groundwater is water beneath the Earths surface that fills pores between materials such as sand, soil or gravel
What is a catchment
A river catchment or drainage basin is an area of land from which water drains into a river
What are the types of rainfall
Orographic rainfall- it occurs when a mountain forces a moist body of air to rise
Conventional rainfall- it occurs when the sun heats the earths surface which is when the water evaporates and condenses
Frontal rainfall- frontal rainfall occurs when a cold and warm air mass meet
What is a water shed
A water shed is the line separating water catchments.
What are the different types of views
- Satellite (from above)
- Vertical aerial (like from looking from a plane)
- Ground level (eye level)
- Oblique aerial (like looking from a mountain
What is an aquifer?
Ground water is stored below the Earths surface in soil pore spaces, this layer is called an aquifer
How is groundwater stored around the Earths surface
Groundwater is stored in soil, sand and gravel
How many people rely on groundwater
2.2 billion people
What percentage of people in Europe rely on groundwater
75%
What is the definition of sustainability
Sustainability refers to the capacity of the environment to continue to support our lives and other living creatures into the future
What percent of water is salty
97.5% is salty 2.5% is fresh
How many people suffer from water scarcity
1.2 billion
What are some ways to sustainably manage water?
Desalination plants
Drip irrigation in agriculture
Recycling water
What is latitude and longitude
Lat is flat
Longitude is long
How many time zones are there
24
Where is the international date line
180 degrees longitude
Where is the Greenwich prime meridian
0 degrees longitude
Where is the Tropic of Capricorn
23 and a half degrees south latitude
Where is the Tropic of Cancer
23 and a half degrees north latitude
Where is the Arctic and Antarctic circles
Arctic circle- 66 and a half degrees north latitude
Antarctic circle- 66 and a half degrees south latitude
What comes first, latitude or longitude
Latitude- remember A before O
Is a meridian latitude or longitude
Longitude
Is a parallel a line of longitude or latitude
Latitude
What is a day 0
A day 0 is when a country is under so much water stress that dams are below 13.5%
What are the restrictions put in place after day 0
- taps are turned off
- 2 min shower
- 50 litres of water per person per day
-rain tanks connected to water pipes
Day to day atmospheric conditions is..
Weather
Long term atmospheric conditions are…
Climate
Mountain ranges near the south are more likely to receive…
Orographic rainfall
The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is…
Humidity
The rapid supply of …. leads to high amounts of water
Precipitation
What are the values of water
Economic
Spiritual
Cultural
Aesthetic
Environmental
Recreational
What is the environmental value of water
Water is necessary for all animals and plants to survive, it can also help ecosystems to survive
What is the aesthetic value of water
Water views are valuable and prices of eateries properties are high
What is the spiritual value of water
Water is used in the beliefs and values of many religions
What is the recreational value of water
Water based activities are popular leisure activities
What is the cultural value of water
Cultures place a great deal on the value of water, it sometimes is seen as a part of responsibility to care for the land.
What is the economic value of water
Water is an economic good. We use it in many trades such as manufacturing
What is water scarcity
Water scarcity occurs when the demand for water exceeds the amount available
What is water stress
Water stress is the negative effect on people and the environment that is a result of water scarcity
What is the effects of water quality because of water scarcity
Water scarcity can result in people relying on unsafe water sources
What is virtual water
Virtual water is water that is used in the production of goods and services
E.g a Big Mac takes 2400 litres of water.
How is precipitation marked on a climate graph
In the columns
The temperature is marked by dots
What is insolation
Insolation is solar radiation received on the Earths atmosphere or at its surface
