Geography Flashcards
What aspects do Middle latitudes have and where are they
Mediterranean- (includes) humid, marine, steppe, desert
- (weather) sunny, summers hot and dry, mild winters (little rainfall)
* areas in Africa, Southwestern Australia, Ukraine near Black Sea, Chile, SoCal
Subtropical climate - where and what traits
- North and South of tropics, East
- areas- Japan, mainland China, Australia, Africa, South America, & U.S
- warm oceans, winds with moist air
Long warm summer, short, mild winters
Long growing seasons - support more ppl than any other climate
Middle climates
Marine Climate
*areas- Western Europe, British Isles, U.S Pacific Northwest, west coast of Canada, southern Chile, southern New Zealand, & southeastern Australia
- traits- near water/surround by it
Ocean winds
Wet and warm bring mild, rainy climate summer at or below 70 degrees
Winters stay above freezing
Ex: San Francisco
Middle latitude climates: Humid Continental climate
- climate of 4 seasons
Cold winters, hot summers, enough rainfall
-Best farmland/trading/mining - difference in temperature based on place by coast
Places- North Central U.S, north china, Canada, & Soviet Union
Steppe or Prairie Climate
*interiors of large continents
Ex: Asia, North America
Great Plains of Canada and U.S
Gobi Desert of Asia, central&western Australia, southwestern U.S, small desert in Pakistan, Argentina, and Africa south of equator
Traits- dry flatlands far from ocean breeze
Summer hot, winter cold, rainfall (rain light in spring/summer) more desert like
Some can be agriculturally productive, where more rainfall is
High latitudes
-tundra and taiga
Tundra- marshy plain and aptly describes climate conditions
Winter’s extremely cold&long, ground frozen but mushy during summer, not lots of snow
Ex: northern areas of Russia, Europe& Canada
High latitude
Taiga
Northern forest region south of tundra
- largest forest lands, vast mineral wealth and fur animals
Extreme climate, no crops
Trait- winter colder and summer hotter than tundra bc farther away from Arctic Ocean
*areas- Northern Russia, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Canada & Alaska
Most land covered with Marshes and swamps
High Mountains
Vertical climate- temperature, crops, vegetation and human activity change and ascend to level of elevation
Foot of mountain- hot and rainy, climate found in low land crops
High- air cooler
Top- snow
Name Maps
Cylindrical ( Mercator)
Conical
Flat plane projection ( gnomonic)
Geographic Grid system
Relief Map
Thematic Map
Cylindrical projection
- cylinder on a piece of paper and wrap around globe
- distorted near equator( more distorted west and south)
- does not have equal areas
Type map- Mercator by Gerard’s Mercator 1569
Conical projection
- made into cone
Map of middle latitudes - shows best true shape of earth
- least distorted where paper touches globe
Flat plane projection
Flat piece of paper, touches globe at 1 point
- used to show areas of north and South Poles
Called- Gnomonic projection- meridian’s appear straight lines( useful for in between 2 points) - Great circle routes- shortest route between two points important for navigation
Geographic Grid system
-latitude and longitude map properties.
Size scale, shapes straight line directions.
Relief map
Shows land surface, flat, rugged, or steep
Show more detail, show, overall elevation, shown with colors, or contour lines
Thematic maps
Specific information, single theme/topic
Distribution or amount of some thing over a certain given area
EX: population density, climate, economy, cultural and political info
Remote sensing
Obtain information about an object or area
EX: mountain height, and depth of bodies of water,
field of geography
Geographic information
Stone, analyze, and display geographic info
Ecology
Study of how living organisms interact with physical aspects of environment, including:
Soil, water, air, and living things
Biogeography
Surface features of earth
(form, movement, climate) affect, living things
Levels of environment
Ecosystem
Biome
biodiversity
competition
Ecosystem
Community of any size, of a physical environment in organisms that live within it
Biome
Large area of land with characteristics
Climate, soil, and mixture of planet and animals
Made up of groups of ecosystems
Major biomes
Desert, chaparral, Savannah, tropical, rainforest, temperate grassland, temperate deciduous forest, taiga, and tundra
Habitat is set of surroundings, where members of species normally live:
Soil, water, predators, and competition
Three types of habitat
Interaction: competition, predation, symbiosis (interaction between two different organisms: mutual benefit, or singular benefiting)
Competition
Occurs with members of same or between different species for resources
Adoption
Takes form of structure, change, psychological change, or behavior modification
Biodiversity
Variety of species, an organisms, habitats on earth
Life support system
Spheres of interest
Geographical areas over which country exerts political or economic influence
Cities where most ppl live- what is it
Megalopoli- cities/urban areas connected
Ex: Tokyo-Kawasaki-Yokohama
Other cites name urban/sub-urban areas
Metropolitan
Canals- Panama
Atlantic Ocean,
to pacific suez canal - middle east Africa, and
Arabian peninsula, connecting Red and Mediterranean Sea
Low latitudes
savanna, deserts, north and south tropical rainforests
Traits- savannas, winter dry, summer, wet
Middle latitudes
Places:
Mediterranean, humid, Marine, steppe, desert climate
Traits: summer, hot, dry winter
Deserts
Ex: Africa, Sahara desert, Arabian desert on Arabian peninsula,
outback in Australia
Deltas
Lowlands- soil, and deposit from Rivers
Ex: Nile river
Mesas/ plateaus
Flat tops of hills and mountains
Rivers: nile, Niger, Zaire of Africa, Rhine, Danube, Thames of Europe, Yangtze, Ganges, Mekong, Hwanghae of Asia
Marine
Under influence of the sea, ocean climate
Lots of moisture
Chaparral
Very hot and dry, mild winter
Found in mountains
Ex: west of U.S, South America coast of Mediterranean
Savanna
Tropical,warm/ hot in all seasons- wet summer season
Ex: parts of Africa, South America Brazil
Temperate forest / deciduous
2nd in rainfall after rainforests
Cold, subtropical climate
Plateaus
Elevated but flat on top
Extremely dry bc of surrounding mountains preventing them from moisture
