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Geography (energy) > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

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1
Q

State the term that means use of energy

A

Consumption

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2
Q

State the term that means making energy.

A

Production

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3
Q

State the term that means a country produces more energy than it needs.

A

Surplus

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4
Q

State the term that means a country produces less energy than it needs.

A

Deficit

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5
Q

State the term that describes the situation when a country has an energy deficit and can’t get the energy it needs from other places.

A

Energy Insecurity

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6
Q

What equation helps work out whether a country has an energy surplus or an energy deficit?

A

Production - Consumption = Energy surplus or deficit.
(if positive number it is a surplus)

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7
Q

Name three countries with high levels of energy production.

A

USA, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia

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8
Q

Name three countries with high levels of energy consumption.

A

USA, China, Russia, India

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9
Q

State three reasons global energy consumption is increasing.

A

Economic development.
Population growth
Technological development

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10
Q

How does Economic development In LICs and NEEs (newly emerging economies) cause an increase in consumption?

A

Increased industry which uses a lot of energy.
Increased wealth of citizens who buy cars, scooters and electrical appliances.

Especially countries like India and China.

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11
Q

Why energy consumption in LICs increased by population growth?

A

Contraception is less widely available or used.
People choose to have large families so children can work on farms and in factories to support the family.

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12
Q

Describe what has happened to the UK’s energy consumption over the last 20 years?

A

It has decreased gradually

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13
Q

State why the UK’s energy consumption has decreased over the last 20 years.

A

Increased efficiency of technology (using less energy)
Less factories are operating in the UK now.

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14
Q

State two reasons why the UK’s energy consumption has decreased in the last five years.

A

Energy prices have increased.
The coronavirus pandemic

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15
Q

Name three fossil fuels

A

Coal, Petroleum and Natural gas

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16
Q

State another name for fossil fuels.

A

Hydrocarbons

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17
Q

Name three renewable energy sources

A

Solar, wind, Tidal, Biomass, Hydroelectric power

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18
Q

What term refers to all the different sources of energy a country has?

A

The energy mix

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19
Q

Describe the changes to the UK’s energy mix over the last 20 years.

A

Coal has decreased a lot.
Natural gas has increased.
Nuclear has decreased slightly
Wind has increased significantly

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20
Q

State what coal is made from

A

Dead organic matter - dead plants in swampy environments

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21
Q

State what petroleum and natural gas are made from

A

Dead organic matter - Zooplankton and phytoplankton that die and are deposited in layers at the bottom of the ocean.

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22
Q

State what dead organic matter gets covered with.

A

Sediments like clay and sand which build up to form sedimentary rocks.

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23
Q

What conditions are needed to turn dead organic matter into fossil fuels.

A

Heat and pressure

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24
Q

State the two types of environmental issues caused by burning fossil fuels.

A

Climate change
Air pollution

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25
Q

Why are LICs most at risk of illnesses related to air pollution?

A

Burn a lot of coal because it’s cheap.
Older cars burning petrol and diese

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26
Q

State problems cause by air pollution for people

A

Microscopic particles get into the respiratory (breathing) and circulation (blood) systems and cause problems?
Heart disease (attacks)
Cancers in the lung and brain.
Strokes.

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27
Q

State problems caused by climate change

A

Increased drought which causes malnutrition and weakened immune systems so people are more likely to die from diseases like diarrhoea.
Mosquitoes spreading into new areas and spreading diseases like malaria to more people.

28
Q

How many additional deaths per year from climate change are expected by 2050?

A

250000

29
Q

In what type of country will most of the excess deaths from climate change occur in?

A

LICs

30
Q

Which countries are investing in the most new coal energy power stations?

A

China, India, South Korea and Indonesia

31
Q

Why is the cost of fossil fuels an advantage?

A

It’s cheap

32
Q

State four other advantages of fossil fuels

A

High energy density fuel
Abundant and easily accessible
Stable fuel (won’t react)
Easy to transport

33
Q

Why are HICs dependent on fossil fuel use

A

Technology is adapted to them
Expensive to change
Reduced profits for business

34
Q

Why are fossil fuels attractive to LICs?

A

They are cheap
Rapidly growing populations
Economic development

Which means they need a lot of energy but don’t have much money to invest.

35
Q

What is coal mainly used for?

A

Burning in power stations to produce electricity.
Steel manufacturing

36
Q

What is petroleum mainly used for?

A

Transportation after it has been refined into diesel, petrol and aviation fuel.
Plastics
Oils and lubricants

37
Q

What is natural gas mainly used for?

A

Burning in power stations to produce electricity
Heating and cooking in homes

38
Q

How long will coal reserves last?

A

139 years

39
Q

How long will petroleum reserves last?

A

54 years

40
Q

How long will natural gas reserves last?

A

49 years

41
Q

Which type of energy is generated from splitting Uranium atoms?

A

Nuclear energy

42
Q

What is the name for the process of splitting uranium atoms?

A

Nuclear fission

43
Q

What is the name for the place in which the fission process is carried out?

A

Nuclear reactor

44
Q

Explain why nuclear reactors are always built near large rivers or the coast.

A

Because they need large amounts of water to cool the reactor which gets very hot.

45
Q

Explain why Nuclear power is not a renewable resource

A

Because there are finite reserves of uranium. It will run out.

46
Q

How long are the supplies of Uranium projected to last?

A

200 years

47
Q

Which countries have large reserves of uranium for mining

A

Kazakhstan, Canada, Australia, Russia.

48
Q

State the advantages of nuclear energy

A

It doesn’t produce greenhouse gases
It is reliable and power can be increased when needed.
It’s a high density fuel making it easier to transport to where the energy is needed.

49
Q

State the disadvantages to Nuclear fuel

A

The waste is toxic.
The waste is very expensive to store
The risk of nuclear meltdown
It’s expensive to build new reactors.

50
Q

State two nuclear meltdowns that have occurred in the past

A

Chernobyl, Ukraine. April 1986 - caused by operator error during a test.
Fukushima, Japan. March 2011 - after a large earthquake caused a tsunami which damaged the power station.

51
Q

Define renewable energy resources

A

Methods of energy production that utilise resources that won’t run out

52
Q

Define intermittent

A

occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady

53
Q

State the advantages of wind energy

A

No greenhouse gases are emitted.
Infinite energy supply
Low operating costs makes it a cheap source of energy.

54
Q

State the terms for wind farms located at sea

A

Offshore wind farms

55
Q

State the disadvantages of wind power

A

Intermittent so unreliable
Creates noise pollution
Is an ugly addition to the landscape
Blades can strike birds and bats.

56
Q

State the term for wind turbines built on land.

A

On-shore wind farms

57
Q

Name the type of renewable energy that uses the power of flowing water to turn a turbine and generate power.

A

Hydroelectric power

58
Q

What is the name for the large wall that blocks a river?

A

A dam

59
Q

State the name for the manmade lake that builds up behind a dam.

A

A reservoir

60
Q

What % of the world’s renewable energy comes from Hydroelectric power?

A

70%

61
Q

State what determines how much power a hydroelectric dam can produce?

A

The head - the height that the water falls.

62
Q

Name the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.

A

The Three Gorges dam on the Yangtze river, China.

63
Q

State the advantages of hydroelectric power.

A

The reservoir makes the river channel deeper and wider allowing ships and trade further upstream.
The reservoir traps heavy rain and releases gradually, so reducing floods downstream.
It doesn’t produce greenhouse gas emissions.
It can be turned up or down easily responding to demand.

64
Q

State what other technology is needed to make intermittent renewable source of energy useful.

A

Batteries to store energy for times when demand is higher or when the sun isn’t shining or wind isn’t blowing.

65
Q

State a potential battery solution for intermittent renewable energy.

A

Electric vehicles can store energy in their batteries and sell back to the grid when needed.

66
Q

What renewable source of energy does the UK produce more of than any other country?

A

Offshore wind power

Geography (energy) (1 decks)

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