Geographies of Interconnections Flashcards
Define Globalisation
Globalization is the increasing interconnection between people and places across the world, established through trade, politics and cultural exchanges and helped by travel and technology
Define MNC
A multinational corporation is a company that has operations in more than one country
Identify three examples of MNCs
Nike, Starbucks, Apple
Identify two benefits of globalisation
Increased economic growth has led to the lifting of people out of poverty and global investment by MNCs has created new jobs and markets around the world
Identify two negatives of globalization
The exploitation of workers in low income or developing countries and the destruction of environments as urbanization and industrialization can lead to deforestation, pollution and loss of biodiversity
Identify one indigenous culture and how globalization has impacted them
The saami from Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia are positively impacted by being able to use machines and negatively by mining and logging companies destroying traditional grazing fields
Facts about Starbucks
In 2003 had over 6,200 stores
employs millions
19 different countries involved in supply chain eg. ethiopia and kenya
Facts about Apple
Foxconn factory in Shenzhen, China employs 350,000 people
Retail stores in 25 countries and online in 39
Sources supplies and manufacturing from more than 30 countries eg. Japan and China and Malaysia and Thailand
Facts about Nike
505 factories in 39 countries
1,000,000+ people employed
1,100 retail stores in 170 countries
2 advantages of MNCs moving production to LICs
Lower labour costs and access to emerging markets
2 disadvantages of MNCs moving production to LICs
Exploitation of workers and environmental pollution
5 stages of the supply chain
extraction, manufacturing/production, distribution, consumption and waste
What is extraction and how does it affect people, places and the environment
Extraction involves removing natural resources from the earth, negatively impacting people through displacement, disrupting local economies, and harming the environment via habitat destruction and pollution.
What is production and how does it affect people, places and the environment
Production is the process of transforming raw materials into goods, which can affect people through job creation or exploitation, impact places by altering local economies and landscapes, and harm the environment through resource depletion and pollution.
what is distribution and how does it affect people, places and the environment
Distribution is the process of delivering goods to consumers, affecting people by influencing access to products, changes in local economies and infrastructure, and affecting the environment through transportation emissions and resource use.
what is consumption and how does it affect people, places and the environment
Consumption is the use of goods and services that affects people by shaping lifestyles, impacts places through economic demand, and influences the environment by driving resource depletion and pollution.
what is waste and how does it affect people, places and the environment
Waste is unwanted materials from production and consumption that affect people through health risks, impact places by straining waste management, and harm the environment through pollution and resource depletion.
why has tourism grown since the 1960s
Tourism has grown since the 1960s due to higher disposable incomes, improved transportation, and increased leisure time.
Impacts of tourism socially
Tourism can foster cultural exchange and community development, but it may also lead to the commercialization of culture and social disruption.
Impacts of tourism environmentally
Tourism can promote conservation and funding for natural areas but often results in habitat destruction, pollution, and increased resource consumption.
Impacts of tourism economically
It creates jobs and boosts local economies through spending, but can also lead to economic dependency and inequality if profits are not reinvested locally.
Name a place that has been impacted by tourism and explain how they are managing it
Barcelona has experienced significant tourism impacts, including overcrowding and strain on local resources. to overcome this they have implemented a tourist tax, visitor caps and regulated short term rentals
