Geographical Foundations (2) Flashcards
Name all authors and dates in section 3 (AL)
Watts (2005) Max Webber Radin (1996) Boyd (2001) Adam Smith Wylie (2014) Whitehead (2014) Merriam Webster Indira Gandhi Bernstein (2000) Sundberg and Dempsey (2014) Haraway (1991) Lorimer (2014) Probyn (2011) Nayak and Jeffrey (2011) Loftus (2013)
What can Watts (2005) be used for?
Commodities:
‘article of trade or commerce, expedient or convenient’
define who and what we are.
virtually everything is a commodity
can buy things that don’t exist - foreign future money, illegal fictional (scams).
less developed don’t have commodity producing economies e.g. 1970s Nigeria, village
Some things may never take commodity form - riding a bike with your children…yet. prospect of converting social intimacy into a commodity is always present.
some commodities produced without intention of being sold e.g. labour
Margret Radin (1996)
Commodities: Indian woman sold her kidney and other organs out of material desperation ‘threatens the personhood of everyone’
Karl Marx suggests…? (commodities)
the commodity is the economic DNA
exchange value e.g. ability to command other commodities in exchange, exchangeability
profit comes from disparity between value workers embody in commodity and value they require for own reproduction.
Adam Smith (commodities)
use value e.g. your want for a chicken
coincides with natural form
what is commodity circulation? Watts (2005)
refers to process by which a commodity is exchanged for money, which in turn permits the purchase of another different commodity.
what is the life of a commodity? (watts,2005)
typically involves movement through space and time during which it adds values and meanings commodities are therefore pre-eminently geographical objects.
commodity fetishism (Marx, Watts)
9/11 became a commodity, ground zero was site for selling 9/11 t-shirts and other mementoes.
shirts with bin laden and falling towers were sold in bank and jakarta and west bank as icons of anti-imperialism
What can Wylie 2014 be used for?
Landscape:
many different descriptions of a landscape
it is shaped and gardened to be pleasing to the eye.
landscape is the outcome of how human cultures interacted with, and were influenced by, natural env conditions.
images of landscape express locality and nationality, link between landscape and national identity, often communicate elite version of the nation. the natural world being naturalised.
landscapes are mobile and sensory experiences
they are historical and temporary - shaped and created over millennia
examples of Landscapes (Wylie, 2014)
UKNEA (ecosystem report UK) cover depicts rural area, suggests rural nation despite UK being one of the most urbanised countries, incl. coast sense of ‘island nation’ (independent, autonomous) it reinforces a version of rural southern england as the essential UK landscape
picture at top of shard - deliberate trespass, contests official spatial zonings and claims to ownership
What can Whitehead (2014) be used for?
Sustainability:
economist 2009 debate on sustainable development:
significant of it as a policy goal and subject of political conjecture, emerging set of concerns - value and future role of it, broad field of concerns.
term is used more frequently by different groups. - confusion over what it means
What does merriam webster (collegiate dictionary) define sustainability as
relating to, or being a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged
sustainability and sustainable yield (Whitehead, 2914)
if an optimal amount of resources us taken from a forest ecosystem but no more the forest could naturally regenerate itself
What did indira Gandhi (1972) say in relation to sustainable development?
‘Poverty is the biggest polluter’
Briefly explain Sundberg and Dempsey (2014)
Political ecology
Challenges pressing concerns eg deforestation, famine and climate change
Power relations infuse all socio ecological activities
Who we are and where we stand has profound implications for the knowledge we produce
