Geographical Definitions and Areas Flashcards
Alluvium means…?
Deposits laid down by rivers, especially during floods
Anticline means…?
Dome of rocks forming an arch
Dip slope is…?
Gentle slope following the angle of rock found behind escarpments
A dry valley is…?
Valleys where rivers used to flow
An escarpment is a…?
A line of steep slopes above a gentle dip slope, caused by the erosion of alternate strata
What does glaciated mean?
Previously or currently covered by glaciers/ice sheets
What is a misfit river?
Rivers created by glaciers that are too small to erode the valley they flow through
What are nodules?
Pieces of flint (hard crystalline form of quartz) found in chalk
What is scarp and vale topography?
Erosion that left alternate strata of more or less resistant rock which forms a landscape
A scree is…?
A group of small, loose stones that form or cover a slope on a mountain
What is a soil creep?
Gradual movement of soil, scree or glacier in a downwards slope
What is weathering?
Breakdown of rocks by rain, temperature or other activity
The __________ around Malham Cove was created by its ________, past _________ processes and past _________ processes
Landscape
Geology
Tectonic
Glaciation
When was the Carboniferous Period?
250-300 million years ago
When were the rocks in Malham Cove created?
The Carboniferous period
How did the Ice Age affect the Pennines?
Eroded valleys and created landforms like Malham Cove
How have tectonic processes changes the Pennines?
Fault scraps have uplifted the land and hills
Convention currents uplifted the rock from the sea to form land
What rock forms the tops of the hills in the Pennines like Buckden Pike?
Millstone grit
What rocks have eroded to form U-shaped valleys and river valleys in the Pennines?
Sand and shales
Limestone
How have glaciers changed the valley of Wharfe?
Altering river valleys to create U-shaped valleys
As glaciers melted, the changed places like Malham Cove into waterfalls
What is the geology of Wharfdale?
Limestone
What is the line that runs through the UK and separates the geology into two different types?
Tees-Exe line
South of the line are softer, sedimentary
North of the line are harder sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks
The Lake District is an _______ landscape characterised by high _____, U-shapes valleys and _________ rivers
Upland
Peaks
Misfit
The ________ is a lowland landscape characterised by _________ hills and scarp and vale ___________
Weald
Undulating
Topography
Screes are ________ and can cause ___________
Unstable
Rockfalls
How are screes formed?
Freeze-thaw weathering
What is the Lake Districts highest point?
Scafell Pike (978m)
What is the main slope process of the Weald?
Soil creep
What is the general shape of the Weald landscape?
Small, undulating hills
What is used to form dry stone walls and buildings in the Yorkshire Dales?
Limestone
What is an areas distinctive landscape influenced by?
The activities of the people who live there and their use of local materials
Why are hedges and ditches used as field boundaries in East Anglia?
The geology (till and chalk) doesn’t produce solid building materials
What is a strata?
Distinctive layers of rock
