Geog In Everyday Life - Topic 3 (GI)

Question 1

Why quantitative data followed by qualitative data

Answer 1

Identify patterns and trends -> examine the patterns and trends observed

Question 2

Why qualitative followed by quantitative data

Answer 2

Make observations -> verify them

Question 3

Limitations when carrying out GI

Answer 3

Time available
Access to places
Data
Availability of equipment
Manpower

TADA M

Question 4

Risks and mitigation measures

Answer 4

Falls, cuts, minor injuries: proper footwear and clothing + take note of potential hazards (uneven surfaces, steep steps, jagged rocks)

Traffic accidents, collisions with cyclists: take note of local traffic hazards, road crossing procedures + avoid collecting data on road or in path of cyclists)

Encounter with wildlife?

Question 5

Sampling methods

Answer 5

Probability: simple random, stratified random

Non-probability: convenience, quota

Question 6

Probability sampling

Answer 6

Randomly selected

Random no. generator or die

Removes bias
More representative

Question 7

Non-probability sampling + when it’s used

Answer 7

Non-randomly selected, subjectively selected

May be biased
Not representative, hard to make generalisations

Used when:
Unnecessary to select representative sample
Conduct quickly

Question 8

Stratified random sampling

Answer 8

Categories/criterion based on …

age, sex, ethnicities etc

Proportionate makeup to population

Question 9

Types of scales

Answer 9

Likert
Frequency
Ranking (compare items, less than 10 for reliable data, large scales, participants don’t have strong opinions abt items ranked in the middle)

Question 10

Purpose/function of mental maps

Answer 10

Collect primary data on ppl perception of places in their minds

Question 11

Benefits and limitations of free-form mental maps

Answer 11

More representative of participants geographical imagination of places compared to use of labelled base maps

Not easily georeferenced, not easily mapped onto GIS Geographical Information System

Question 12

(+) & (-) of Mean

Answer 12

Includes every value

Influenced by outliers

Question 13

(+) & (-) of median

Answer 13

Less affected by outliers

Not as sensitive as mean in showing central location of data in data set

Question 14

(+) & (-) of mode

Answer 14

Useful for categorical data

Not very useful for continuous data (two or more values may share the highest frequency) e.g. temp

Question 15

Aspects of mental maps

Answer 15

Centering and borders
Scale of map elements
Labelling
Colours, legends and symbols
Perspective and orientation
Other features

2S 2C 2L OP

Question 16

Centering and borders

Answer 16

Features at the centre may be of greater importance to…
But may not represent reality

Question 17

Scale of map elements

Answer 17

Mapper’s familiarity

Larger features-> greater familiarity, more frequent activities

Question 18

Labelling

Answer 18

Choice of words, positive or negative

Emotions

Question 19

Colours, legends and symbols

Answer 19

Convey emotions

Personal experiences, favourite/important location

Question 20

Perspective and location

Answer 20

Aerial view less details
Street view greater details

Important place may be depicted as closer to their home

Question 21

Positive and negative correlation

Answer 21

Increase with higher or decrease with higher…

But there may be outliers or anomalies
Or
No relationship

Question 22

Bar graphs

Answer 22

Categorical data

Question 23

Pie chart

Answer 23

Proportion, percentage

Question 24

Line graph

Answer 24

Continuous data, time related

Show trends over time

Question 25

Text…

Answer 25

Colour coded quotations
Word clouds

Question 26

predefined responses advantages

Answer 26

(how it works: actual values or short phrases/single words…)

• guides participants, easier to answer
• easier to analyze and interpret
• useful for quantitative data-> analyze -> examine patterns and trends

Question 27

what can mental maps collect data on?

Answer 27

• how ppl experience and think visually and spatially abt their env
• dynamic interrelationships ppl have w/ env

Question 28

recognizable geometric shapes, clusters and repetitions

Answer 28

find what is common/popular (count number…)
repetitions -> popularity, prominence
absence-> unfamiliarity, lack of interaction

Question 29

colour-coded quotations advantages, purpose

Answer 29

easy for researchers to lose sight of what they’re reading when analyzing large bodies of text SO

useful in analyzing and presenting findings from qualitative data

colours and accompanying meanings -> analyze, communicate findings

Question 30

word cloud advantages/purpose

Answer 30

difficult to recognize most impt points

bigger, bolder -> greater importance