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Geodesy ALL Flashcards

1
Q

__________ thought that the earth is a flat disk supporting a hemispherical sky
a. Homer
b. Pythagoras
c. Aristotle
d. Eratosthenes

A

a. Homer

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2
Q

__________ suggested that the earth is a spherical shape on the basis that the sphere
was considered a perfect shape and not from observations.
a. Homer
b. Pythagoras
c. Aristotle
d. Eratosthenes

A

b. Pythagoras

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3
Q

__________ gave arguments that would support the hypothesis that the earth must be
spherical in shape. Reasons mentioned are as follows:
i. Changing horizons as one travels in various directions.
ii. Round shadow of the earth that was observed in lunar eclipses.
iii. The observation of a ship at sea where more (or less) of the ship is seen as the
ship approaches (or goes away)
a. Homer
b. Pythagoras
c. Aristotle
d. Eratosthenes

A

c. Aristotle

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4
Q

The first attempt at a precise determination of the size of the earth is ascribed to
__________ of Egypt. The developments in Egypt were a natural follow up to the
developments made in surveying for the purpose of property location.
a. Homer
b. Pythagoras
c. Aristotle
d. Eratosthenes

A

d. Eratosthenes

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5
Q

In the 17th Century, __________ carried out measurements along a meridian in the
Netherlands. For the first time for this purpose, he used a triangulation procedure with
one-minute precision. Combining this measurement with astronomic latitude made at the
endpoints of the meridian arc, he determined the size of the spherical earth.
a. Richer
b. Snellius
c. Picard
d. Cassini

A

b. Snellius

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6
Q

In 1666, the Académie Royale des Science was established to carry out measurements
for the preparation of the accurate map of France and the determination of the size of
the earth. The computations made from these measurements indicated that the length of
the meridian arc was smaller towards the poles. It implied that the earth is __________
in shape.
a. oblate
b. prolate
c. spherical
d. irregular

A

b. prolate

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7
Q

__________, in considering his attraction theory, postulated that the rotating earth
should be flattened in the __________. This would imply that as one travels towards the
equator we go farther from the center of the earth.
a. Bouguer, equator
b. Bouguer, poles
c. Newton, equator
d. Newton, poles

A

d. Newton, poles

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8
Q

________ observed that pendulum clocks that kept good time in Paris lose 2 ½
minutes per day when brought to Cayenne, Guiana, near the equator in South America.
This indicates that the earth is flattened at the poles.
a. Richer
b. Snellius
c. Picard
d. Cassini

A

a. Richer

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9
Q

In the 1730s, the Académie Royale des Science had two geodetic survey missions. One
expedition was sent to Peru (now Ecuador at a latitude of about 1-5 degrees under the
direction of Godin, La Condamine and Bouguer. The second expedition was sent to
Lapland (at a latitude of about 66.3 degrees) under the direction of Maupertuis. The
result of these measurements indicated that the length of 1 degree of meridian was
greater in the __________ regions than the __________ regions; indicating that the
earth can be represented by an ellipsoid slightly flattened at the poles.
a. polar; equatorial
b. equatorial; polar
c. tropics; polar
d. equatorial; tropics

A

a. polar; equatorial

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10
Q

A second of latitude near the equator bears what relationship to a second of arc near the
pole?
a. A second of latitude near the poles is approximately a foot longer than a second
of latitude near the equator
b. A second of latitude has the same length regardless of its distance from the
equator.
c. A second of latitude near the poles is approximately a foot shorter than a second
of latitude near the equator
d. Each second of latitude north of the equator grows progressively shorter until it
reaches a point at the pole.

A

a. A second of latitude near the poles is approximately a foot longer than a second
of latitude near the equator

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11
Q

C is equal to:
a. √(𝑎 − 𝑏)
b. √(𝑏 − 𝑎)
c. √(𝑎^2 + 𝑏^2)
d. √(𝑎^2 − 𝑏^2)

A

d. √(𝑎^2 − 𝑏^2)

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12
Q

__________ is a measure of the compression of a circle or sphere along a diameter to
form an ellipse or an ellipsoid of revolution (spheroid) respectively. Other terms used are
ellipticity, or oblateness.
a. Eccentricity
b. Linear eccentricity
c. Flattening
d. Angular eccentricity

A

c. Flattening

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13
Q

Polar flattening (f) is defined as:
a. (𝑎 − 𝑏)/𝑎
b. (𝑎^2 − 𝑏^2)/𝑎^2
c. (𝑎^2 − 𝑏^2)/𝑏^2
d. 1 −𝑎/b

A

a. (𝑎 − 𝑏)/𝑎

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14
Q

The angular eccentricity (𝛼) is the angle at P1 between the minor and a line drawn from
P1, to either F1 or F2. Which of the following equations define 𝛼
a. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = 𝑏/𝑎= 1 − 𝑓
b. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 = 𝑒′
c. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 = 𝑒
d. All of the above

A

a. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 = 𝑏/𝑎= 1 − 𝑓

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15
Q

The linear eccentricity (E) is defined as:
a. E = ae
b. E = af
c. E = ae’
d. E = ef

A

a. E = ae

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16
Q

Which of the following equations are true?
a. 𝑒^2 = 1 −𝑏^2/𝑎^2
b. 𝑏/𝑎= 1 − 𝑓
c. 𝑒^2 = 2𝑓 − 𝑓^2
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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17
Q

Which of the following define the size of an ellipse?
a. Semi-major axis length (a)
b. Flattening (f)
c. First eccentricity (e)
d. Second eccentricity (e’)

A

a. Semi-major axis length (a)

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18
Q

The value 6,378,206.4 m is the semi-major axis of the __________ ellipsoid.
a. Clarke (1880)
b. Clarke (1866)
c. World Geodetic System (1984), WGS84
d. Geodetic Reference System (1980), GRS80

A

b. Clarke (1866)

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19
Q

Which of the following terms describes a great circle on which every point is equidistant
from the north and south pole?
a. prime meridian
b. international date line
c. tropic of Capricorn
d. terrestrial equator

A

d. terrestrial equator

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20
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes properties of the geographical
coordinate known as latitude?
a. Latitude is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south of the
equator
b. Every position on earth has a unique latitude, which is unlike the latitude of any
other position on the earth
c. A parallel of latitude is a great circle on the surface of the earth
d. All of the above are true

A

a. Latitude is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds north or south of the
equator

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21
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of the geographical
coordinate known as longitude?
a. Each meridian of longitude lies in the plane of a great circle
b. The distance along a parallel of latitude trough a degree of longitude grows
smaller as the latitude approaches 90°.
c. 15° of longitude equals one mean solar hour.
d. All of the above are true

A

d. All of the above are true

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22
Q

The __________ latitude of a point P is the angle at the origin and in the meridian plane
from the equator to the radial line through P.
a. geocentric
b. geodetic
c. reduced or parametric
d. Isometric

A

a. geocentric

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23
Q

The __________ latitude of a point P is defined as the angle at the origin and in the
meridian from the equator to the radial line that intersects the projection of P, along a
perpendicular to the equator, at a sphere of radius 𝑣 = √𝐸2 + 𝑢
2.
a. geocentric
b. geodetic
c. reduced or parametric
d. Isometric

A

c. reduced or parametric

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24
Q

The __________ latitude of a point P is the angle from the meridian plane from the
equator to the line through P that is also perpendicular to the ellipsoid.
a. geocentric
b. geodetic
c. reduced or parametric
d. Isometric

A

b. geodetic

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25
Q

The geodetic, reduced, and geocentric latitudes are usually designated by the symbols
____, _____, and ____ respectively.
a. 𝜓,𝜙, 𝛽
b. 𝜙, 𝜓, 𝛽
c. 𝛽, 𝜓,𝜙
d. 𝜙, 𝛽, 𝜓

A

d. 𝜙, 𝛽, 𝜓

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26
Q

The prime vertical radius of curvature at the equator equal to:
a. a
b. b
c. a(1-e)
d. a(1-f)

A

a. a

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27
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true?
a. At any point, M and N are, respectively, the minimum and maximum radii of
curvature for all normal sections through the point.
b. The value of M and N are equal at the equator
c. N at pole < N at equator
d. All statements are true

A

a. At any point, M and N are, respectively, the minimum and maximum radii of
curvature for all normal sections through the point.

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28
Q

The Y-coordinate of the station can be determined by the equation:
a. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆
b. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆
c. (𝑁(1 − 𝑒^2) + ℎ)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙
d. None of the above

A

b. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆

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29
Q

The Z-coordinate of the station can be determined by the equation:
a. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆
b. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆
c. (𝑁(1 − 𝑒^2) + ℎ)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙
d. None of the above

A

c. (𝑁(1 − 𝑒^2) + ℎ)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙

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30
Q

The X-coordinate of the station can be determined by the equation:
a. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆
b. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜆
c. (𝑁(1 − 𝑒^2) + ℎ)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜙
d. None of the above

A

a. (𝑁 + ℎ)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜆

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31
Q

_________ — a branch of applied mathematics and earth sciences, is the scientific
discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its
gravitational field, in a __________-dimensional time-varying space.
a. Physical Geodesy, two
b. Physical Geodesy, three
c. Geodesy, two
d. Geodesy, three

A

d. Geodesy, three

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32
Q

The Earth has an equatorial bulge due to its rotation. That is, its diameter measured
across the equatorial plane is __________ km more than that measured between the
poles.
e. 52.72
f. 42.72
g. 32.72
h. 22.36

A

f. 42.72

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33
Q

The mean radius of the earth is equivalent to:
a. ((2𝑎+𝑏)/3)
b. (𝑎+2𝑏)/3)
c. 3^√(𝑎^2𝑏)
d. 3^√(𝑎𝑏^2)

A

a. ((2𝑎+𝑏)/3)

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34
Q

The radius of a perfect sphere with an equivalent surface area as that of an ellipsoid is
called:
a. Conformal radius
b. Authalic Radius
c. Aphylactic Radius
d. Equidistant Radius

A

b. Authalic Radius

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35
Q

The Earth’s Volumetric Radius is equivalent to:

a. ((2𝑎+𝑏)/3)
b. (𝑎+2𝑏)/3)
c. 3^√(𝑎^2𝑏)
d. 3^√(𝑎𝑏^2)

A

c. 3^√(𝑎^2𝑏)

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36
Q

Given the X, Y, and Z coordinates of a point, determine the equivalent longitude
a. ƛ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑋/𝑌)
b. ƛ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑍/𝑌)
c. ƛ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑋/𝑍)
d. ƛ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑌/𝑋)

A

d. ƛ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑌/𝑋)

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37
Q

The normal section from point A to point B is:
a. The intersection from a plane containing the normal at point B and passes through
point A
b. The intersection from a plane containing the normal at point A and passes through
point B
c. The intersection from a plane containing the normal between point A and point B
d. All the above

A

b. The intersection from a plane containing the normal at point A and passes through
point B

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38
Q

which of the following is/are true for normal sections
a. The more northerly the location of a point, the farther the south of the axis of
rotation intersected by the normal
b. If two points are on the same meridian, the normal sections will coincide
c. If two points are on the same parallel, the normal sections will coincide
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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39
Q

Which of the following is/are true for normal sections?
a. Maximum separation of normal sections occur for lines having azimuths as odd
multiples of 45°.
b. Separation is zero if the points lie on the same meridian
c. Separation is zero if the points lie on the same parallel
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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40
Q

Which of the following is/are true for normal sections?
a. Maximum separation of normal sections occur for lines having azimuths as odd
multiples of 45°.
b. Separation is zero if the points lie on the same meridian
c. Separation is zero if the points lie on the same parallel
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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41
Q

Azimuth correction due to height is applied
a. if the surface is a sphere
b. when observed point is at a certain height above/below the surface of the ellipsoid
c. the observer is at a certain height above or below surface the ellipsoid
d. all the above

A

b. when observed point is at a certain height above/below the surface of the ellipsoid

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42
Q

If the azimuth of point B from point A is given, the back azimuth is the azimuth of point A
from point B. Because of the __________, the forward and backward azimuths of a line
do not differ by exactly 180°. (except when A and B are on the same meridian or at
latitude equal to 0°)
a. Location of the observer
b. Convergence of meridian
c. Instrument error
d. Random error

A

b. Convergence of meridian

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43
Q

The geodesic approximately __________ the angle between the counter (or reciprocal)
normal sections, lying __________ to the direct normal section at a given point.
a. trisects, farther
b. trisects, closer
c. bisects, farther
d. bisects, closer

A

b. trisects, closer

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44
Q

The product of the parallel radius time the sine of the geodesic azimuth at any point on
the geodesic is a constant.
p sin ⍺ = constant.
This equation is known as
a. Molodensky’s Equation
b. Helmertz’s Equation
c. Clairaut’s Equation
d. Cassini’s Equation

A

c. Clairaut’s Equation

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45
Q

Which of the following is/are true about geodesics
a. any meridian is a geodesic
b. the shortest distance between diametrically opposite on the equator points is along
the equator
c. Parallels are geodesic
d. All the above

A

a. any meridian is a geodesic

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46
Q

Given point 1 (ɸ1, ƛ1), azimuth1-2, distance12, determine point 2(ɸ2, ƛ2) and azimuth21.
This geodesic problem is commonly called:
a. geodetic direct
b. geodetic inverse
c. geodetic transverse
d. geodetic location

A

a. geodetic direct

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47
Q

Given point 1 (ɸ1, ƛ1) and point 2 ( ɸ2, ƛ2), required is the distance12, azimuth12, azimuth21.
This geodesic problem is commonly called:
a. geodetic direct
b. geodetic inverse
c. geodetic transverse
d. geodetic location

A

b. geodetic inverse

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48
Q

A __________ is a set of parameters and constants that defines a coordinate system,
including its origin and (where appropriate) its orientation and scale, in such a way as to
make these accessible for geodetic applications.
a. Horizontal datum
b. Vertical Datum
c. Geodetic Datum
d. Astronomic Datum

A

c. Geodetic Datum

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49
Q

. A __________ is a geodetic datum for horizontal geodetic control in which points are
mapped onto a specified ellipsoid.
a. Horizontal datum
b. Vertical Datum
c. Geodetic Datum
d. Astronomic Datum

A

a. Horizontal datum

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50
Q

A __________ is a geodetic datum for vertical geodetic control in which points are
mapped to the geopotential.
a. Horizontal datum
b. Vertical Datum
c. Geodetic Datum
d. Astronomic Datum

A

b. Vertical Datum

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51
Q

A horizontal geodetic datum is composed of the following:
I. latitude and longitude
II. orientation of an initial point of origin
III. ellipsoid that models the surface of the earth in the region of interest
IV. scale factor
V. geoid-ellipsoid separation
a. I, II
b. I, II
c. I,II, III, IV
d. I, II, III, IV, V

A

c. I,II, III, IV

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52
Q

The effect earth’s curvature (in meters) for height observations is equal to __________
where K is the horizontal distance in kilometers.
a. 0.0785K2
b. 0.0675K2
c. 0.0110K2
d. 0.0655K2

A

a. 0.0785K2

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53
Q

. The effect of refraction (in meters) for height observations is equal to __________ where
K is the horizontal distance in kilometers
a. 0.0785K2
b. 0.0675K2
c. 0.0110K2
d. 0.0655K2

A

c. 0.0110K2

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54
Q

The combined effect of earth’s curvature and the effect of refraction (in meters) for
height observations is equal to __________ where K is the horizontal distance in
kilometers
a. 0.0785K2
b. 0.0675K2
c. 0.0110K2
d. 0.0655K2

A

b. 0.0675K2

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55
Q

The equation for converting geodetic to grid azimuth is t = α – γ + δ where t is the grid
azimuth, α is the geodetic azimuth, γ is the convergence. The term δ is the
a. arc to chord correction
b. chord to arc correction
c. plane to spherical correction
d. spherical to plane conversion

A

a. arc to chord correction

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56
Q

A __________ is a set of prescriptions and conventions together with the modeling required
to define at any time a triad of coordinate axes.
a. Reference system
b. Reference frame
c. Geoid
d. Datum

A

a. Reference system

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57
Q

A __________ realizes the system by means of coordinates of definite points that are
accessible directly by occupation or by observation.
a. Reference system
b. Reference frame
c. Geoid
d. Datum

A

b. Reference frame

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58
Q

The sum of the __________ and the __________ acting on a body is called gravity.
a. gravitational force; centripetal force
b. gravitational force; centrifugal force
c. centripetal force; centrifugal force
d. centrifugal force; coriolis

A

b. gravitational force; centrifugal force

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59
Q

The unit of gravity, gal, is defined as
a. cm/s
b. m/s
c. cm/s^2
d. m/s^2

A

c. cm/s^2

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60
Q

Which of the following is/are true?
a. The gravitational force is stronger compared to the centrifugal force.
b. The gravitational force is weaker compared to the centrifugal force.
c. The gravitational force has almost the same magnitude to the centrifugal force
d. The direction of the gravitational force is toward the spin axis

A

a. The gravitational force is stronger compared to the centrifugal force.

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61
Q

Two distinctly different types of gravity measurements are: __________ and
__________.
a. absolute; differential
b. exact; relative
c. absolute; relative
d. exact; differential

A

c. absolute; relative

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62
Q

Gravity readings observed at each gravity station after corrections have been applied for
instrument drift and earth tides.
a. normal gravity
b. observed gravity
c. corrected gravity
d. potential gravity

A

b. observed gravity

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63
Q

An approximation of the true gravity on Earth’s surface by means of a mathematical
model representing Earth.
a. normal gravity
b. observed gravity
c. corrected gravity
d. potential gravity

A

a. normal gravity

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64
Q

The free-air anomaly height correction for every meter ABOVE _________ is
__________ mgal
a. sea level, -0.3086
b. terrain, -0.3086
c. sea level, +0.3086
d. terrain, +.03086

A

c. sea level, +0.3086

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65
Q

The __________ is a first- order correction to account for the excess mass underlying
observation points located at elevations higher than the elevation datum (sea level or the
geoid). Conversely, it accounts for a mass deficiency at observation points located below
the elevation datum.
a. Mass correction
b. Terrain correction
c. Eötvös correction
d. Bouguer correction

A

d. Bouguer correction

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66
Q

The __________ is only needed when a survey is conducted on a mobile vehicle, where
the velocity of the vehicle must be taken into account. This motion produces a centrifugal
force that should be taken into account. The only need to this correction is when motion
is in an E-W traverse, with positive being in this respective direction.
a. Mass correction
b. Terrain correction
c. Eötvös correction
d. Bouguer correction

A

c. Eötvös correction

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67
Q

______ was a Hungarian physicist who is known for his invention of the torsion
pendulum used to measure the density of the underlying rock strata and the
__________ of gravity.
a. Loránd Eötvös, magnitude
b. Loránd Eötvös, direction
c. Pierre Bouguer, magnitude
d. Pierre Bouguer, direction

A

a. Loránd Eötvös, magnitude

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68
Q

. Which of the following accurately defines the Pendulum Law?
a. 𝑷 = 𝝅√(𝒍/𝒈)
b. 𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅√(𝒍/𝒈)
c. 𝑷 = 𝝅√(𝒍^𝟐/𝒈)
d. 𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅√𝒍^𝟐/𝒈)

A

b. 𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅√(𝒍/𝒈)

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69
Q

The equipotential surface to which at every point the plumb line is __________ is called
the geoid.
a. parallel
b. tangent
c. perpendicular
d. deflect

A

c. perpendicular

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70
Q

The __________ is the difference in direction between the direction of Earth’s gravity
vector and some reference direction, such as the direction perpendicular to a given
reference ellipsoid or the direction of some reference gravity field (the normal gravity)
a. obliquity of the vertical
b. deflection of the vertical
c. angle of the vertical
d. perpendicularity

A

b. deflection of the vertical

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71
Q

_________ (30 July 1887 – 10 August 1966) was a Dutch geophysicist and geodesist.
He is known for his invention of a precise method for measuring gravity (gravimetry).
Thanks to his invention, it became possible to measure gravity at sea, which led him to
the discovery of gravity anomalies above the ocean floor. He later attributed these
anomalies to continental drift.
a. Pierre Bouguer
b. Loránd Eötvös
c. Felix Andries Vening Meinesz
d. Gunnar Nordström

A

c. Felix Andries Vening Meinesz

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72
Q

A geoid is the equipotential surface of the Earth’s gravity field which best fits, in a least
squares sense, __________ mean sea level.
a. global
b. regional
c. national
d. hemispherical

A

a. global

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73
Q

_______ are the differences between the observed acceleration of Earth’s gravity
and the values predicted from some model of how the gravity would be predicted to
appear.
a. gravity correction
b. gravity difference
c. gravity anomaly
d. gravity attraction

A

c. gravity anomaly

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74
Q

Vertical deflection is deviation of actual plumbline from normal plumbline. Actual
plumbline is perpendicular to geoid while normal plumbline is perpendicular to ellipsoid.
In the flat area, the deviation value can be __________, while in mountainous area, the
deflection values are __________ and must be considered as systematic error.
a. large, ignored
b. ignored; large
c. ignored, ignored
d. small, large

A

b. ignored; large

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75
Q

Which of the following is/are true about the geoid?
a. The geoid coincides with that surface to which oceans would conform over the
entire earth if free to adjust to the combined effect of the earth’s mass attraction
and the centrifugal force of the earth’s rotation.
b. The geoid is the shape of an imaginary global ocean dictated by gravity in the
absence of tides and currents.
c. As a result of uneven distribution of the earth’s mass, the geoidal surface is
irregular and, since the ellipsoid is a regular surface, the two will not coincide.
d. All the above

A

d. All the above

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76
Q

If a gps receiver readout displays a height = +36.05 meters and the geoid undulation, N,
is equal to 25.73 meters, calculate the orthometric height, H, in meters. of the point.
a. 9.32 m
b. 12.32
c. 10.32
d. 11.32

A

c. 10.32

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77
Q

The _______ velocity of the point is dependent on the_________.

A

angular; Φ

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78
Q

Who developed theory of Pendulum Behavior?

A

Christiaan Huygens

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79
Q

Which qualities belong:
I. Normal
II. Cylindrical
III. Azimuthal
IV. Transversal
V. Conical

a. I, III & V
b. II, III, & V
c. II, III
d. I & V

A

b. II, III, & V

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80
Q

Displays all great circles as straight lines.

A

gnomonic

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81
Q

Which qualities belong:
I. Conformality
II. Equidistance
III. Aspect
IV. Azimuthality
V. Aphylactic

a. I, II, III, & IV
b. II, III, IV & V
c. I, III, IV, & V
d. I, II, IV, & V

A
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82
Q

In _______, a new national civil Grid introduced for the Luzon Datum of 1911, and it was changed to the Gauss-Kruger Transverse Mercator projection.

A

1962

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83
Q

An Act to Define the Baselines of the Territorial Sea of the Philippines

A

RA 3046

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84
Q

_______ scattering occurs when particles are very small compared to the wavelength of the radiation.

A

Rayleigh

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85
Q

_______ remote sensing instruments operate with their own source of emission or light, while _______ ones rely on the reflected one.

A

active, passive

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86
Q

Which ideas belong:
I. Drone
II. LiDAR
III. Boat
IV. Helicopter
V. Car

A

I, II, IV, V

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87
Q

Which ideas belong:
I. Radarsat-2
II. ERS-2
III. ICESat-2
IV. KOMPSAT-5
V. Sentinel-1

A

I, II, IV, V

88
Q

Kompsat 1; _______ while TecSAR; _______

A

South Korea, Israel

89
Q

_______ resolution is the amount of information in each pixel, that is, the number of bits representing the energy recorded.

A
90
Q

_______ coordinates do not consider the shape and curvature of the earth.

A

Plane

91
Q



2.) Which of the following statements is false:
a. The geodetic latitude is the angle between the normal to the ellipsoid at a point and the equatorial plane.
b. The geocentric latitude is the angle at the center of the ellipsoid between the equatorial plane and the line from the center to a point on the ellipsoid.
c. The parametric/reduced latitude is the angle at the center… of the sphere that is tangent to the ellipsoid along the equator, between the equatorial plane and the radius to the point intersected along the sphere by a straight line
perpendicular to the plane of the radius and passing through the point on the ellipsoid.
d. None of the above.

A

c. The parametric/reduced latitude is the angle at the center… of the sphere that is tangent to the ellipsoid along the equator, between the equatorial plane and the radius to the point intersected along the sphere by a straight line
perpendicular to the plane of the radius and passing through the point on the ellipsoid.

92
Q

Which of the following statements is true:
a. The Orthometric Height(H) is equal to the product of the Ellipsoidal Height(h) and the Geoid Height(N).
b. The Orthometric Height(H) is equal to the Ellipsoidal Height(h) minus the Geoid Height(N).
c. The Orthometric Height(H) is equal to the average of the Ellipsoidal Height(h) and the Geoid Height(N).
d. The Orthometric Height(H) is equal to the Ellipsoidal Height(h) plus the Geoid Height(N).

A

b. The Orthometric Height(H) is equal to the Ellipsoidal Height(h) minus the Geoid Height(N).

93
Q

Considering the Space Rectangular coordinates, which is
true on a sphere?
a. X = (N + h)cosɸ, Y = (N +h)cosɸ
&Z= (N(1-e2)-h)sinɸ
b. X= (N+h)cosɸ, Y = (N + h)cosɸ &Z= (N(1-e2) + h)cosɸ
c. X = (N + h)cosɸ, Y = (N + h)cosɸ & Z= (N(1-e) + h)sinɸ
d. X = (N + h)cosɸ, Y = (N + h)cosɸ &Z= (N(1-e2 + h))sinɸ

A

c. X = (N + h)cosɸ, Y = (N + h)cosɸ & Z= (N(1-e) + h)sinɸ

94
Q

_______ resolution signifies the sampling rate and bandwidth in which the sensor collects the information
resolution signifies the sampling rate and
about the scene. It refers to the width and number of spectral bands in the sensor system.
a. Spatial
b. Spectral
c. Spherical
d. Supervised

A

b. Spectral

95
Q


_____ is the difference between true and measured
value.
a. adjustment
b. mistake
c. error
d. result

A

c. error

96
Q

22.) Which ideas belong:
I. carelessness
II. precision
III. technique
IV. poor judgement
a. I, II, III
b. II, III, IV
C. I, III, IV
d. I, III, IV

A

C. I, III, IV

97
Q

It is the point the earth is slowest.
a. aphelion
b. vaporeon
c. perihelion
d. Point of Aries

A

a. aphelion

98
Q

In resection, if all point lie on the same _______, there is no unique solution.
a. plane
b. point
c. circle
d. graph

A

c. circle

99
Q

A ______ map projection is a map projection which displays all great circles as straight lines.
a. strereographic
b. gnomonic
c. orthographic
d. photographic

A

b. gnomonic

100
Q


A map is _______ scales are maintained.
a. azimuthal
b. equidistant
c. aphylactic
d. conformal

A

b. equidistant

101
Q

A _______ is a set of transformations employed to
convert the 3D surface of the earth to a 2-D plane.
a. transformation
b. projection
c. conversion
d. computation

A

b. projection

102
Q

________ (N) is a section passing through the given
point and perpendicular to the meridional section.

a. North Pole Section
b. Meridional Section
c. Prime Vertical Section
d. Major Section

A

c. Prime Vertical Section

103
Q

________ is data having implicit association with a
location relative to Earth.
a. Geographic information
b. Geomorphology
c. Georeference
d. Graphical Information

A

a. Geographic information

104
Q

ArcGIS, QGIS, grassgis and Global Mapper are identified a _________ components of GIS.
a. application
b. computer
c. program
d. software

A

d. software

105
Q

This is also identified as field-based models.
a. vector
b. pixel
c. raw data
d. raster

A

d. raster

106
Q

A shoreline is a blank _____ boundary.
a. discreet
b. meticulous
c. fuzzy
d. messy

A

c. fuzzy

107
Q

The equivalent GIS function of the Boolean operation
AND:
a. UNION
b. INTERSECTION
C. CUT
d. ERASE

A

b. INTERSECTION

108
Q

______ is the creation of a zone of interest.
a. intersecting
b. buffering
c. uniting
d. plotting

A

b. buffering

109
Q

The Luzon Datum of 1911 is defined by its origin near:
a. San Marino Point, Marinduqe
b. San Andres Point, Marinduque
c. San Pablo, Mindoro
d. San Agustin, Mindoro

A

b. San Andres Point, Marinduque

110
Q

_______ is the phenomenon of light, radio waves, etc.
being deflected in passing obliquely from one medium to another of varying density.
a. gravity
b. refraction
c. laser
d. waves

A

b. refraction

111
Q

39.) Gravity varies with _________
a. length
b. longitude
c. weight
d. latitude

A

d. latitude

112
Q

_________ scattering occurs when particles are very
small compared to the wavelength of the radiation.

A

Rayleigh scattering

113
Q

_________ are used for observation & surveillance of
the atmosphere, observation and surveillance of the Earth’s surface (land and sea), scatterometry, and altimetry.
a. Commercial Satellites
b. Electronic Satellites
c. Satellite Radars
d. International Radars

A

c. Satellite Radars

114
Q

_________ scanners use the forward motion of the
platform to record successive scan lines and build up a two- dimensional image, perpendicular to the flight direction.
a. Polar
c. Star Path
b. Geo- Staionary
d. Push Broom

A

d. Push Broom

115
Q

In determining the strength of a figure, Dis
a. the total number of directions observed
b. the number of directions observed both forward & backward
“C. the number of distances measured
d. NOTA

A

b. the number of directions observed both forward & backward

116
Q

DPI is determined by.
the
the ground distance by
of the resolution and length of the line.
a. dividing, quotient
b. dividing, product
c. multiplying, quotient
d. multiplying, product

A

b. dividing, product

117
Q

The is the angle opposite to the known and
common side of the first triangle and angle opposite to the common and required side of the second triangle.
a. common angle
b. deflection angle
c. distance angle
d. vertical angle

A

c. distance angle

118
Q

________ is the plumb line connecting the center of the
earth to the Zenith. It is also perpendicular to the observer’s
horizon.
a. Zenith
b. Vertical
c. Pole
d. Vertical

A

Vertical

119
Q

Which of the following is false:
a. Vertical Circle- a great circle which passes through the zenith and the celestial body being observed.
b. Hour Circle- a great circle which passes through the
celestial body and the celestial poles.
c. Meridian- a great circle which passes through the celestial
body and the zenith.
d. NOTA

A

c. Meridian- a great circle which passes through the celestial
body and the zenith.

120
Q

What is located exactly 180 degrees from the First Point of Aries?
a. Vernal Equinox
b. Autumnal Equinox
c. Vernal Peridox
d. Autumnal Peridox

A

b. Autumnal Equinox

121
Q

What is the compliment of the altitude?
a. Latitude
b. Declination
c. Zenith Distance
d. Polar Distance

A
122
Q

is the angular distance measured along the
hour circle from the celestial equator to the celestial body.
a. Right Ascension
b. Declination
c. Polar Distance
d. Altitude

A
123
Q

52.) Which does not belong in the group?
i. declination
ii. Polar distance
iii. right ascension
iv. zenith distance
a. Right Ascension
b. Declination
c. Polar Distance
d. Altitude

A
124
Q

is the angle measured clockwise from the upper branch of the meridian of observation to the meridian of the celestial body.
A. Greenwich Hour Angle c. Sidereal Hour Angle
b. Longitude
d. Local Hour Angle

A
125
Q

Assuming latitude is above 0 degrees, which is always true at Upper Culmination South of Zenith?
a. declination is less than altitude
b. polar distance is less than altitude
c. polar distance is less than zenith distance
d. declination is greater than altitude

A

a. declination is less than altitude

126
Q

Assuming latitude is above 0 degrees, which is always true at Upper Culmination North of Zenith?
a. zenith distance is less than polar distance
b. latitude is less than declination
c. polar distance is less than zenith distance d. declination is greater than altitude

A

b. latitude is less than declination

127
Q

Assuming latitude is above 0 degrees, which is always true at Lower Culmination North of Zenith?
a. zenith distance is greater than declination b. latitude is less than declination
c. polar distance is less than latitude
d. declination is greater than altitude

A

d. declination is greater than altitude

128
Q

_________ is a method of surveying in which the
lengths of the sides of a triangle are measured, usually by electronic means, and, from this information, angles are
computed.
a. Triangulation
b. Adjustments
c. Trilateration
d. Side Conditioning

A

c. Trilateration

129
Q

In surveying, the use of angle measurements is referred
to as
a. triangulation
b. adjustments
c. triangulateration
d. side conditioning

A

a. triangulation

130
Q

The sun moves along a great circle that is inclined to the equator by an angle of
a. 73-59
b. 89-52
c. 23-27
d. 45-58

A

c. 23-27

131
Q



60.) The trace of the sinc’s apparent annual journey around the celestial sphere is called the
a. right ascension
b. ecliptic
b. aries d. orbit

A
132
Q

________ is the difference in direction of a celestial body
as seen from the surface of the earth.
a. refraction
b. parallax
c. lamination
d. shift

A

b. parallax

133
Q

The explement of 45 degrees is,
a. 45 degrees
b. 315 degrees
c. 90 degrees
d. 165 degrees

A

b. 315 degrees

134
Q

_______ is a series of horizontal distances and directions
are observed to connect points whose positions are to be
determined.
a. Differential Leveling
b. Line Survey
c. Traverse
d. Barometric Survey
motion pertains

A

c. Traverse

135
Q

In observing celestial bodies, a ______ to the motion that is along the line of sight.
a. transverse
b. sudden
c. radial
d. round

A

c. radial

136
Q

On a globe, the rhumb line is _______
a. an ellipsoid
b. an ellipsoidal
c. a sphere
d. a spiral

A

d. a spiral

137
Q

Assuming latitude is above 0 degrees, which is always true at Upper Culmination South of Zenith-Below the Equator?
a. zenith distance is greater than declination
b. latitude is less than declination
c. polar distance is less than zenith distance
d. declination is greater than altitude

A

a. zenith distance is greater than declination

138
Q

When constructing an ellipse, the length of the string is
equal to the
A. length of the minor axis
B. twice the length of the minor axis
C. length of the major axis
D. twice the length of the major axis

A

C. length of the major axis

139
Q

The distance from one focus of the ellipse to the origin
is
A. semi-minor axis
B. semi-major axis
C. half-focal separation
D. first eccentricity

A

C. half-focal separation

140
Q

The measure of how much the conic section deviates
from being circular is called
A. flattening
B. eccentricity
C. inverse flattening
D. compression ratio

A

B. eccentricity

141
Q

The angular eccentricity α can be expressed as
A. sin α = e’
B. sin α = 1-f
C. cos α = e’
D. cos α = 1-f

A

D. cos α = 1-f

142
Q

A shade between black and white.
A. Brown
B. Dark
C. Halftone
D. Greyish

A

C. Halftone

143
Q

A half headed and half feathered arrow represents
A. Magnetic Bearing
B. True North
C. Azimuth
D. Zenith

A

A. Magnetic Bearing

144
Q

A lune shaped map to be fitted on a globe.
A. Globe Segment
B. Globe Section
C. Globe Gore
D. Global Lune

A

C. Globe Gore

145
Q

A representation of the earth’s surface in 3 dimensions.
It shows the same features as a planimetric map and in
addition indicates relief, usually by means of contours
which is its distinguishing characteristic.
A. Base Maps
B. Topographic Maps
C. Relief Maps
D. River Maps

A

B. Topographic Maps

146
Q

The rise and fall of water surface due to the
gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon on the
earth.
A. Tide
B. Current
C. Wire Drag
D. Pull

A

A. Tide

147
Q

An instant in which the tidal current is changing its
direction and flows neither in nor out.
A. Slack Water
B. Tie Line
C. Initial Point
D. Ebb Tide

A

A. Slack Water

148
Q

A chart used for air navigation.

A. Navigational Chart
B. Ephemeris
C. Marina Chart
D. Aeronautical Chart

A

D. Aeronautical Chart

149
Q

Color used as a surface tint to portray built-up urban
areas and the area coverage of large cities.
A. Red
B. Blue
C. Brown
D. Pink

A

D. Pink

150
Q

A piece of weight usually solid metal used to fix the
sounding line in a vertical position.
A. Stay Line
B. Smooth Lead
C. Water Edge
D. Trilateration

A

B. Smooth Lead

151
Q

Pinpoint or crosses on the four sides of the map by
which color separation drawings are adjusted to each
other.
A. Fiducial Marks
B. Neat Line
C. Register Marks
D. Coordinate Intercepts

A

C. Register Marks

152
Q

The measure of the compression of a circle or sphere
along a diameter to form an ellipse or an ellipsoid is the
A. flattening
B. eccentricity
C. inverse flattening
D. compression ratio

A

A. flattening

153
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true?
a. The meridional radius of curvature and the prime
vertical radius are minimum at the equator
b. At the pole, M = a2/b
c. N ≥ M where the equality holds at the pole.
d. All statements are true

A

d. All statements are true

154
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true?
a. At the equator, N is equal to the semi-major axis
length.
b. At the equator, M is equal to the semi-major axis
length.
c. At the pole, M is equal to the semi-minor axis
length.
d. All statements are true.

A

a. At the equator, N is equal to the semi-major axis
length.

155
Q

This method of gravity measurement measures both
time and distance.
A. relative determination
B. absolute determination
C. combination technique
D. hybrid determination

A

B. absolute determination

156
Q

A negative value of geoid undulation generally
means:
A. The geoid is above the ellipsoid
B. The geoid is below the ellipsoid
C. Will depend on the reference ellipsoid used.
D. Will depend on the orthometric height of the object.

A

B. The geoid is below the ellipsoid

157
Q

During the 1960-1980 period, the basic framework of
the triangulation network of the Philippines was
maintained by the __________ with ________ accuracy level.
A. Bureau of Lands, first-order
B. Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey, first-order
C. Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey, second-order
D. Bureau of Lands, second-order

A

C. Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey, second-order

158
Q

Triangulation baselines were measured accurately and
carefully using _______, an alloy which is highly resistant
to change in length caused by changes in __________.
A. invar, temperature
B. fiber glass, temperature
C. invar, humidity
D. fiber glass, humidity

A

A. invar, temperature

159
Q

Which astronomical coordinates are constantly changing
and can be readily measured by a theodolite?
A. Right Ascension and Declination
B. Altitude and Azimuth
C. Hour Angle and Declination
D. Right Ascension and Hour Angle

A

B. Altitude and Azimuth

160
Q

The angle between an observer’s zenith and the celestial
equator will always be equal to which of the following?
A. 90 degrees
B. The observer’s longitude
C. The observer’s latitude
D. Right Ascension

A

C. The observer’s latitude

161
Q

What is the latitude of the place where the maximum
altitude of the sun above the horizon at any time of the
year is 23-26-30?
A. 45
B. 90 N
C. 23-26-30
D. Equator

A

B. 90 N

162
Q

What is the declination of the star if that star passes
through your zenith where your latitude is 35N?
A. 35
B. 55
C. 90
D. All of the above

A

A. 35

163
Q

Standing at 40 degrees north latitude, you observe the
sun rise precisely in the east. What is the declination of
the sun and what is the approximate date?
A. Declination 0; June 22 or December 22
B. Declination 23-26-30; June 22 or December 22
C. Declination 0; March 21 or September 23
D. Declination 23-26-30; March 21 or September 23

A

C. Declination 0; March 21 or September 23

164
Q

Concerning the PZS Triangle, colatitudes is to latitude as
Polar Distance is to which of the following?
A. Declination
B. Altitude
C. Hour Angle
D. Zenith Distance

A

A. Declination

165
Q

Which of the following correctly identifies the points of
intersection of the three great circles that form the
spherical triangle called the PZS triangle?
A. P: Parallactic Z: Zone S: South
B. P: Pole Z: Zero S: Station
C. P: Prime Meridian Z: Zenith S: Sirius
D. P: Pole Z: Zenith S: Star

A

D. P: Pole Z: Zenith S: Star

166
Q

Which element of the PZS triangle is the least used in
astronomy?
A. The zenith angle
B. The hour angle
C. The parallactic angle
D. The colatitudes

A

C. The parallactic angle

167
Q

When a star is at upper transit on the observer’s meridian,
which statement concerning its PZS triangle is correct?
A. The hour angle is 90 degrees
B. The hour circle is coincident with the celestial
equator
C. The codeclinations is zero
D. It is coincident with the observer’s meridian and is
a straight line

A

D. It is coincident with the observer’s meridian and is
a straight line

168
Q

When the unknown point lies on the circle formed by
three known points (cyclic quadrilateral), there is:
A. no solution
B. three solutions
C. no unique solution
D. None of the above

A

C. no unique solution

169
Q

Throughout the course of the year, the sun moves in a
path called the
A. Hour Circle
B. Elliptic
C. Ecliptic
D. Obliquity of the Ecliptic

A

C. Ecliptic

170
Q

Which of the following describe vernal equinox?
A. The sun rises precisely in the east
B. The declination of the sun is maximum
C. Right ascension of 90 degrees
D. All of the above

A

A. The sun rises precisely in the east

171
Q

Which of the following describe the Mean Sun?
A. It moves at a constant rate along the ecliptic
B. The Right Ascension flows uniformly
C. It is always ahead of the true sun
D. All of the above

A

B. The Right Ascension flows uniformly

172
Q

The difference between the hour angle of the true and
the mean sun is called
A. Local Apparent Time
B. Obliquity of the Ecliptic
C. Equation of Time
D. Equation of Sun

A

C. Equation of Time

173
Q

The local mean time is
A. Hour angle of the true sun – 12 hours
B. Hour angle of the true sun + 12 hours
C. Hour angle of the mean sun – 12 hours
D. Hour angle of the mean sun + 12 hours

A

D. Hour angle of the mean sun + 12 hours

174
Q

The equation of time is equal to
A. Local Apparent Time – Local Mean Time
B. Local Mean Time – Local Apparent Time
C. Local Apparent Time – Local Mean Time + 12 hours
D. Local Mean Time – Local Apparent Time + 12 hours

A

A. Local Apparent Time – Local Mean Time

175
Q

The sun moves at a faster pace
A. at aphelion
B. at perihelion
C. at equinoxes
D. at solstices

A

B. at perihelion

176
Q

Sidereal time is
A. equal to solar time
B. shorter than the solar time
C. longer than the solar time
D. varies throughout the course of the year

A

B. shorter than the solar time

177
Q

Sidereal year is equal to
A. 364.25 solar days
B. 365.25 solar days
C. 366.25 solar days
D. 367.25 solar days

A

C. 366.25 solar days

178
Q

Which of the following statement(s) is/are false
A. Standard Time is referred from the standard
meridian
B. Local Time is referred from the local meridian
C. Universal Time is referred from the Greenwich
Meridian
D. none of the above

A

D. none of the above

179
Q

In triangulation network, local adjustment is also referred to as:
A. side condition adjustment
B. angle condition adjustment
C. figure adjustment
D. station adjustment

A

D. station adjustment

180
Q

It is a method in which a point with unknown coordinates is occupied and
angles are obtained to at least 3 known points to get the position of the
occupied station.
A. resection
B. eccentric stations
C. intersection
D. triangulation

A

A. resection

181
Q

It is a method in which points with known coordinates are occupied to get
the position of an unknown point.
A. resection
B. eccentric stations
C. intersection
D. triangulation

A

C. intersection

182
Q

The GNSS receiver height of instrument is the distance from the _________
to the survey _________.
A. antenna top, tripod foot
B. antenna phase center, tripod point
C. antenna phase center, control point
D. antenna top, control point

A

C. antenna phase center, control point

183
Q

WAAS is a system of satellite and _____ based stations that provide GPS
signal _____ to achieve highly accurate measurements.
A. space; booster
B. ground; correction
C. ground; booster
D. space; correction

A

B. ground; correction

183
Q

What would be the time discrepancy of a GPS signal when it has a distance
error of 2 m?
A. 0.6 nanoseconds
B. 0.7 nanoseconds
C. 6 nanoseconds
D. 7 nanoseconds

A

C. 6 nanoseconds

184
Q

Multipath error results when a reflected GNSS signal reaches the receiver
via two or more different paths wherein the reflected paths are ___________
and cause incorrect ________.
A. longer, pseudo-ranges
B. shorter, wavelengths
C. longer, wavelengths
D. shorter, pseudo-ranges

A

A. longer, pseudo-ranges

185
Q

A French geodetic technique in which transmitters on the ground
communicate with receivers on satellites to provide precise orbit
determination required by ocean altimeter satellites.
A. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)
B. Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)
C. Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR)
D. Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
(DORIS)

A

D. Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
(DORIS)

186
Q

Which of the following values is never exceeded by the equation of time?
A. 00 hr 01 min
B. 00 hr 16.5 min
C. 00 hr 7.25 min
D. 00 hr 10.5 min

A

B. 00 hr 16.5 min

187
Q

When a satellite follows a non-circular orbit around the earth, the satellite’s path is an ellipse with the center of the earth at one focus. Such a satellite has variable altitude and variable orbital speed. The
point of lowest altitude is called _______
A. apogee
B. perigee
C. apolune
D. perilune

A

B. perigee

188
Q

The zero-point for __________ is the vernal equinox.
A. left ascencion
B. declination
C. altitude
D. right ascension

A

D. right ascension

189
Q

________ gravity anomaly refers to the small regional variations in the
Earth’s gravity field resulting from density variations in underlying
rocks.
A. Free-air
B. Helmert
C. Bouguer
D. Stokes

A

C. Bouguer

190
Q

When the geoid and ellipsoid coincide at a datum origin, the deflection of
the __________ and the separation between the ellipsoid and geoid become
__________ at the origin.
A. vertical, positive
B. vertical, zero
C. horizontal, zero
D. horizontal, positive

A

B. vertical, zero

191
Q

The angle between the equatorial plane and the line joining a point on the
ellipsoid to the center of the ellipsoid is called __________ latitude.
A. geocentric
B. astronomic
C. authalic
D. geodetic

A

A. geocentric

192
Q

Star closest to the South Celestial Pole.
A. Octantis
B. Chamaeleon
C. Polaris
D. Hydrus

A

A. Octantis

193
Q

GNSS occupation time during observation sessions depends on which factors?
I. Type of GNSS receiver
II. Separation distance between receivers
III. Ionospheric activity
IV. Number of satellites and their geometry
A. II, III, and IV
B. I, II, III, and IV
C. I, III, and IV
D. I, II, and IV

A

C. I, III, and IV

194
Q

Real-time kinematic GPS surveys require _________ of observation through
independent __________ of stations to detect blunders and for network
adjustment.
A. redundancy, re-selection
B. reduction, re-occupation
C. reduction, re-selection
D. redundancy, re-occupation

A

D. redundancy, re-occupation

195
Q

_______ is defined as a discontinuity or jump in the GPS __________ measurements caused by temporary signal loss.
A. Ambiguity, carrier-phase
B. Cycle slip, carrier-phase
C. Ambiguity, pseudorange
D. Cycle slip, pseudorange

A

B. Cycle slip, carrier-phase

196
Q

In WGS84 ellipsoid, the geodetic and geocentric latitudes are equal at
A. 45 degrees north
B. Equator
C. poles
D. both B and C

A

D. both B and C

197
Q

The local apparent time is equal to
A. hour angle of the apparent sun
B. hour angle of the mean sun
C. hour angle of the apparent sun + 12h
D. hour angle of the mean sun

A

C. hour angle of the apparent sun + 12h

198
Q

The local civil time at 120 degrees west is equal to:
A. the standard time of the zone
B. Universal time + 8 hours
C. local apparent time – Laplace correction
D. all of the above

A

A. the standard time of the zone

199
Q

The time interval between two consecutive upper meridian passages of the
vernal equinox is
A. solar day
B. sidereal day
C. Greenwich meridian
D. Universal time

A

B. sidereal day

200
Q

Polaris was sighted on its lower culmination. The latitude of the station
can be computed by
A. altitude of the star + declination
B. altitude of the star + NPD
C. altitude of the star – declination
B. altitude of the star – NPD

A

B. altitude of the star + NPD

201
Q

The right ascension + hour angle of the star is equal to
A. sidereal time at the observer’s position
B. apparent time at the observer’s position
C. true time at the observer’s position
D. Standard time of the Zone

A

A. sidereal time at the observer’s position

202
Q

The first attempt at a precise determination of the size of the earth is
ascribed to __________ of Egypt. The developments in Egypt were a natural
follow up to the developments made in surveying for the purpose of property
location
A. Homer
B. Aristotle
C. Pythagoras
D. Eratosthenes

A

D. Eratosthenes

203
Q

The angle between the normal and the gravity line or the spheroid is known
as
A. Deflection of the vertical
B. Angular deflection of the latitude
C. Angular convergence correction
C. Grid azimuth correction

A

A. Deflection of the vertical

204
Q

The resultant of the force of Earth’s attraction due to gravitation and
the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the Earth.
A. gravity
B. centripetal force
C. oscillation
D. escape velocity

A

A. gravity

205
Q

Plane of reference where all other elevation are referred to.
A. Mean Sea Level
B. Datum
C. Tide Line
D. Level Surface

A

B. Datum

206
Q

Which of the following is not true about gravity?
A. Greater in the pole than in the equator
B. Gravity is the approximately constant along a meridian
C. Gravity can be determined by absolute and relative methods
D. Gravity varies with height

A

B. Gravity is the approximately constant along a meridian

207
Q

The line of intersection between a plane containing the vertical line and
the celestial sphere is a _____________ circle.
A. horizontal
B. small
C. vertical
D. big

A

C. vertical

208
Q

At what altitude does the Global Positioning System (GPS) operate?
A. Low Earth Orbit
B. Medium Earth Orbit
C. Geo-stationary Orbit
D. Sun-synchronous Polar Orbit

A

B. Medium Earth Orbit

209
Q
  1. GPS observation requires a minimum of __________ satellites to determine
    receiver position.
    A. 3
    B. 4
    C. 5
    D. 6
A

B. 4

210
Q

Unlike conventional real-time kinematic surverys which use __________
base station (s), real-time network RTK GPS surveys use several __________
mounted continuously operating reference stations (CORS).
A. a single, temporarily
B. a single, permanently
C. multiple, temporarily
D. multiple, permanently

A

B. a single, permanently

211
Q

In global navigation satellite systems, a table of values giving the
positions of satellites in orbit as a function of __________ is known as
the ephemeris.
A. altitude
B. revolution
C. time
D. application

A

C. time

212
Q

_________ is a geodetic technique in which a signal is transmitted from
a ground-based station, reflects off retro-reflectors on satellites, and
is received back at the station.
A. Lunar Laser Ranging
B. Doppler Orbitography
C. Very Long Baseline Interferometry
D. Satellite Laser Ranging

A

D. Satellite Laser Ranging

213
Q

It refers to the positions of the GPS satellites relative to each other
from the view of the receiver.
A. satellite constellation
B. satellite orbital
C. satellite geometry
D. satellite position

A

C. satellite geometry

214
Q
A

Geodesy - Slide (2 decks)

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