Geo- Unit 1 Flashcards
Physical geography definition
deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere..
What are the three main types of geography?
Physical geography, human geography and environmental geography
human geography definition
studies the world, its people, communities and cultures
environmental geography
describes and explains the spatial aspects of interactions between humans and the natural world
world is tilted at…
23.5 degrees
lines that separates canada from the us ….
49 degrees
provinces and territories
60 degrees
Tropic of Cancer and capricorn
23.5 degrees
international date line
180 degrees
arctic circle
66 degrees
what are the 3 types of scales
statement scale- 1cm=1km
representative fraction scale - 1/50 000
linear scale- |1|2|3|4|5km|
small scale map
map that shows a small amount of detail of a large area such as a map with a scale 1:25 000
large scale map
shows a large amount of detail of a small area such as a map with a scale 1:50 000
4 eras are…
precambrian
Palaeozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
2 facts about precambrian
- volcanic eruptions
- early fossils
2 facts about Palezoic
- first land plants
- appalachians formed
2 facts about mesozoic
- interior plains formed
- dinosaurs
2 facts about cenozoic
- humans appear
- western cordillera formed
3 types of rocks
igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
Igneous rock
Rock formed when cooling molten rock (magma or lava)
Metamorphic rock
Formed when sedimentary or metamorphic are subjected to heat and pressure
Sedimentary rock
Formed in layers from compression Osama sediments over millions of years.
Folding and faulting definition
Folding- bending over rock layers
Faulting- movement along a crack or racks in the earths surface
Interiors of the earth
Inner core
Outer core
Crust
Mantle
Theory of the continental drift
1 shape of the coastlines
2 mid oceanic ridge- where continental plates originally split apart
3 fossil evidence- common species
4 geologic formations- similar landforms on adjacent continents
5 phenomena that shaped canada
- Tectonic plates- Rockies
- Glaciers- Mackenzie river
- Meteors- Quebec circ lake
- Water erosion - Niagara Falls
- Tides -NB
Relief precipitation
Created when an air mass rises to cross a mountain barrier (west coast)
Cyclonic precipitation
Created when a warm moist air mass is forced to rise by a cool dry air mass(newf)
Conventional precipitation
Created on hot summer days when heated land causes air above it to rise by convection. As the air rises it cools and condensation occurs. (Sask and Manitoba)
Factors that affect climate
Latitude- far from equator=colder
Ocean currents- warm water = more moisture
Wind and air masses - wind moves from west to east in canada
Elevation- temp decreases as u go upwards
Relief landforms- high relief features such as mountains affect climates because they act as barriers
Near water - cities beside lakes tend to have more precipitation
5 weather phenomenas
Tornado Hurricane Monsoons Ice storm Snow storm
Characteristics of ecozone for distinguishing
Landforms
Climate
Vegetation
Soil
Annual avg temp
Add all numbers then divide by number of numbers
Total precip
Add all numbers
Range of temp
Take highest and subtract from lowest
If temperature is less than 20 degrees
Maritime climate
If temp is more than 20 degrees
Continental climate
Canada’s landform regions
Western cordillera Interior plains Canadian Shield Hudson Bay and arctic lowlands St Lawrence lowlands and Great Lakes Appalachian mountains Innuition mountains
2 facts about igneous
Cools slowly into crystals
Not layered
2 facts about sedimentary
May be fossil
Has layers
2 facts Metamorphic
Most dense
No holes
Minerals visible
3 main characteristics we look for when grouping landform regions
Surface shape
Geologic age
Rock type
3 main landforms in canada
Shield - Canadian Shield
Highlands- mountains
Lowlands- low lying
