Geo P.4 Flashcards
ABSOLUTE LOCATION
ABSOLUTE LOCATION GIVES PIN POINT LOCATION TO HELP FIND A PLACE. IT CAN REFERENCE TO LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE.
RELATIVE LOCATION
describes a place with respect to its environment and its connection to other places.
PLACE
PLACE GIVES A CLEAR DESCRIPTION OF THE HUMAN AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
THIS DESCRIBES HOW HUMANS INTERACT WITH THE ECOSYSTEM IN BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE WAYS. IT ALSO DESCRIBES HOW THEY ADJUST AND ADAPT TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND HOW THEY ADJUST THE ENVIRONMENT ITSELF.
MOVEMENT
MOVEMENT IS THE THEME THAT STUDIES MOVEMENT AND MIGRATION ACROSS THE PLANET.
FORMAL REGION
are those that are designated by official boundaries, such as cities, states, counties, and countries. For the most part, they are clearly indicated and publicly known.
FUNCTIONAL REGION
are defined by their connections. For example, the circulation area for a major city area is the functional region of that paper.
What’s a Vernacular Region
perceived regions, such as “The South,” “The Midwest,” or the “Middle East;” they have no formal boundaries but are understood in our mental maps of the world.
What’s a Civilation
THE STAGE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION THAT IS CONSIDERED MOST ADVANCED. EX. TOWN, CITY , COUNTRY.
What’s a City State
AN INDEPENDENT CITY WITHIN BOUNDARIES.
What’s Polytheism
THE BELIEF IN MORE THAN ONE GOD.
What’s Theocracy
A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH PRIESTS RULE IN THE NAME OF A GOD OR GODS.
What’s Cuneiform
DENOTING OR RELATING TO THE WEDGE SHAPED CHARACTERS USED IN ANCIENT WRITING SYSTEMS OF MESOPOTAMIA, PERSIA, AND UGARIT. IT SURVIVES VIA CLAY TABLETS.
What’s an Empire
A GROUP OF LANDS UNDER ONE RULER.
What’s a Delta
SOMETHING LOCATED A THE MOUTH OF A RIVER.
PHARAOH
EGYPTIAN RULER
PYRAMIDS
PRISM SHAPED TOMBS
HIEROGLYPHICS
EGYPTIAN TYPE OF WRITING
PAPYRUS
EGYPTIAN PAPER
AUTOCRACY
IS A GOVERNMENT IN WHICH ONE PERSON HAS ALL THE POWER. TWO TYPES - A MONARCHY AND A DICTATORSHIP.
MONARCHY
A KING OR QUEEN RULES A COUNTRY. MONARCHY USUALLY COME TO POWER THROUGH A FAMILY LINE. “IN OLD TIMES” MONARCH HELD ALL THE POWER AND HAD FINAL SAY OVER GOVERNMENT. “IN MODERN TIMES” USUALLY SHARE POWER WITH OTHER PARTS OF GOVERNMENT.
DICTATORSHIP
A FORM OF GOVERNMENT WHERE ONE LEADER HAS ABSOLUTE CONTROL OVER CITIZENS LIVES.
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
CITIZENS ELECT LEADERS TO REPRESENT THEIR RIGHTS AND INTERESTS IN GOVERNMENT. CITIZENS HOLD THE ULTIMATE POWER- THEY ELECT THEIR REPRESENTATIVES.
DIRECT DEMOCRACY
THERE ARE NO REPRESENTATIVES. CITIZENS ARE DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THE “DAY TO DAY GOVERNING THE COUNTRY. BEST EXAMPLE IS ANCIENT GREECE. NOT PRACTICAL IN MODERN DAY.
OLIGARCHY
GREEK WORD THAT MEANS “RULE BY A FEW” OFTEN A ONE POLITICAL PARTY—ONE SOCIAL CLASS–ONE RACE
JUNTA
IS A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE -USUALLY MILITARY OFFICERS- WHO RULE COUNTRY AFTER TAKING IT BY FORCE.
ANARCHY
NOBODY IN CONTROL. OR EVERYONE IS. A STATE BEFORE GOVERNMENT WAS CREATED. A TRANSITION TO GET TO A NEW FORM OF GOVERNMENT.
ISSUE
IS NOT AN EVENT- IS ON GOING- HAS LONG TERM EFFECTS- IS SOMETHING WE CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT - HAS TWO SIDES OR MORE
INTERDEPENDENCE
the condition where countries depend upon EACH OTHER AS A RESULT OF SPECIALIZATION AND TRADE. (STUDENTS WILL FIND THIS TERM AND ITS
trade
an exchange of goods and services
domestic
having to do with the internal affairs of a country
imports
goods brought in from a foreign country for trade or sale
exports
goods shipped out of one country for trade or sale with another
SCARCITY
LIMITED RESOURCES, ($$ OR TIME) UNLIMITED WANTS
Resources
Things of value and efforts used to produce goods and services: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
Capital
Man-made resources used to produce other goods and services: for example, machines, factories, tools.
Entrepreneurship
The willingness to assume the risks of organizing and coordinating resources to produce goods and services.
Land
Gifts of nature: natural resources used to produce goods and services, for example, land, materials, and trees.
Labor
All human effort including the knowledge and skills used in the production of goods and services.
VALUE
BASED ON TASTES & PREFERENCES. THE GREATER THE SUPPLY THE LOWER THE PRICE.
PRICE
WILLINGNESS OF BUYER AND ABILITY OF THE BUYER TO PURCHASE A PRODUCT.
COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS
COMPARES BENEFITS GENERATED BY AN ACTIVITY WITH ITS OPPORTUNITY COST. THE RULE IS BENEFITS EXCEED COSTS THAN THE ACTIVITY IS GOOD AND SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN.
3RD PARTY/ EXTERNALITIES - SPILLOVER
COST OR BENEFITS THAT ARE CAPTURED IN AN EXCHANGE EFFECTING OTHERS (I.E CAR POLLUTION - PESTICIDES)
MARGINAL ANALYSIS
(NEXT OR ADDITIONAL) PEOPLE DON’T MAKE CHOICES ALL OR NOTHING. HOW HARD IS IT TO GET TO THE NEXT UNIT.
GATT
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE CREATED IN 1947 BY 23 COUNTRIES. THESE COUNTRIES HOPED THAT FREER TRADE WOULD HELP THEM GROW AND PROSPER. REPLACED BY GATT
NAFTA
NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT THAT BEGAN IN 1994 AMONG USA, CANADA, AND MEXICO. DESIGNED TO REMOVE MOST TRADE BARRIERS BETWEEN THESE COUNTRIES, ESPECIALLY FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
WTO
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION REPLACED GATT AND NOW COVERS SERVICES AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS SUCH AS COMPUTER SOFTWARE. AS OF MARCH 2013 159 COUNTRIES BELONG TO WTO
STANDARDS
ARE LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT COUNTRIES USE TO RESTRICT IMPORTS
EMBARGO
WHEN ONE NATION PROHIBITS TRADE WITH ANOTHER, OFTEN FOR POLITICAL REASONS
TARIFF
A TAX ON IMPORTS
SUBSIDY
PAYMENTS MADE TO DOMESTIC BUSINESS TO HELP THEM COMPETE WITH FOREIGN BUSINESSES
QUOTA
A LIMIT ON THE AMOUNT OF GOODS THAT CAN BE IMPORTED
SPECIALIZATION
WHEN PRODUCTION IS CONCENTRATED ON PRODUCING ONLY THOSE GOODS AND SERVICES: LAND, LABOR, CAPITAL, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP.
PUBLIC POLICY
A DEFINITE COURSE OR METHOD OF ACTION DESIGNED TO MEET THE NEEDS OR GOALS OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE.(US GOVERNMENT-OR YOUR FAMILY)
INCENTIVE
REWARDS FOR BEHAVIOR
DISINCENTIVE
DETERRENT OR PUNISHMENT FOR BEHAVIOR
CHOICE
CHOOSING IS REFUSING, SCARCITY CAUSES US TO CHOOSE.
RATIONAL CHOICE
CHOOSING IN OWN BEST INTEREST, AS YOU PERCEIVE THEM
COST OR OPPORTUNITY COST
HIGHEST VALUE ALTERNATIVE. THE VALUE OF THE NEXT BEST CHOICE.
DEMAND
IS THE DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF A RESOURCE, GOOD, OR SERVICE THAT WILL BE OFFERED FOR SALE AT VARIOUS PRICES DURING A SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD (WILLINGNESS AND ABILITY TO PURCHASE GOODS AND SERVICES FOR A PARTICULAR PRICE)
SUPPLY
IS THE DIFFERENT QUANTITIES OF A RESOURCE, GOOD, OR SERVICE THAT WILL BE OFFERED FOE SALE AT VARIOUS POSSIBLE PRICES DURING A SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD (QUANTITY OF A PRODUCT PRODUCERS ARE WILLING TO PROVIDE AT A PARTICULAR PRICE)
Agricultural
Farming.
Cabinet
A group of people appointed by a president or prime minister to help run the government and act as advisor.
Commonwealth
A nation or state governed by the people; a republic.
Communism
A form of government in which there is no private property, and wages and prices are controlled by the country’s ruling body.
Constitution
The system of laws and principles for a government.
