Geo 3

Question 1

What are the various forms of water found on the earth.

Answer 1

Water on Earth exists as liquid (oceans, lakes), solid (ice), gas (vapor), and supercritical water.

Question 2

State the factors that have created water scarcity in many parts of the world.

Answer 2

Water scarcity arises from climate change, over-extraction, pollution, population growth, and poor water management.

Question 3

Which are the major contaminants of the sources of fresh water.

Answer 3

Major contaminants include industrial chemicals, agricultural runoff, sewage, heavy metals, and pharmaceuticals.

Question 4

Name any two effective methods of irrigation

Answer 4

Two effective irrigation methods are drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.

Question 5

What are multipurpose river valley projects? List the benefits derived from such projects.

Answer 5

Here is a revised version with 50 to 55 words:

Multipurpose river valley projects involve constructing dams and reservoirs to manage water resources. Benefits include:

• Irrigation: Improves agricultural productivity.
• Hydroelectric Power: Generates clean energy.
• Flood Control: Reduces flood risks.
• Water Supply: Provides water for domestic and industrial use.
• Recreation: Creates opportunities for tourism and leisure.

Question 6

Distribution of fresh water is highly uneven in the world . Justify this statement.

Answer 6

Freshwater distribution is uneven due to:

• Geography: Varied landscapes, such as deserts and fertile areas.
• Climate: Different rainfall patterns and climates.
• Seasonal Changes: Fluctuations in water availability across seasons.
• Human Impact: Overuse and pollution affecting water resources.

Question 7

Explain the various ways in which water is useful to us

Answer 7

Water is vital in several ways:

• Drinking: Essential for health and hydration.
• Agriculture: Supports irrigation for crops and livestock.
• Industry: Used in manufacturing, cooling, and processing.
• Sanitation: Crucial for cleaning, waste management, and hygiene.
• Energy: Powers hydroelectric plants and contributes to energy production.
• Recreation: Enables activities like swimming, fishing, and boating.

Water’s diverse roles highlight its importance in daily life and various economic sectors.

Question 8

Scarcity of water resources is a major problem faced by many countries. Comment

Answer 8

Water scarcity is a major issue in many countries due to:

• Population Growth: Increased demand for limited resources.
• Climate Change: Altered rainfall patterns and more frequent droughts.
• Over-extraction: Excessive use of groundwater and surface water.
• Pollution: Contaminated water sources reduce availability.
• Inefficient Management: Poor water management practices.

These factors lead to reduced water availability, affecting agriculture, industry, and daily life, and creating competition and potential conflicts over water resources. Sustainable management is essential to address these challenges.

Question 9

Describe the various methods of conserving water.

Answer 9

Various methods of conserving water include:

• Reducing Consumption: Using less water by fixing leaks, installing efficient fixtures, and practicing mindful use.
• Rainwater Harvesting: Collecting and storing rainwater for irrigation and other non-potable uses.
• Recycling Water: Reusing greywater from sinks and showers for irrigation or flushing toilets.
• Drip Irrigation: Delivering water directly to plant roots to minimize waste.
• Xeriscaping: Using drought-resistant plants and techniques to reduce garden water use.