Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geo > Geo > Flashcards

Geo Flashcards

1
Q

ABRASION

A

the wearing away of the shoreline by sediment carried by waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ATTRITION

A

erosion caused by the knocking together of two materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DUNE

A

concentrations of mound like landforms composed of sand that has been blown off the beach by onshore wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CONSTRUCTIVE WAVE

A

strong swash carrying material onto the beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DESTRUCTIVE WAVE

A

strong backwash carrying material away from the beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SWASH

A

movement of water up the beach away from the sea as a wave reaches the shore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BACKWASH

A

movement of water down the beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FETCH

A

the distance of uninterrupted water surface over which the wind has blown to form waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GROYNE

A

timber, sheet steel piles, rock or concrete posts and boards which run at right angles to trap sediment drifting along the shore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HARD ENGINEERING

A

structures developed to protect the foot of cliffs and prevent erosion e.g. sea walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SOFT ENGINEERING

A

protecting the foot of cliffs to prevent erosion using more natural methods e.g. beach nourishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SALTATION

A

sand bounces across the surface of the beach blown by wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

:)

A

:)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

STACK

A

a residual post of rocking resulting from the continued erosion of arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SWELL

A

a circular motion caused by wind in the open sea which is non-moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WAVE REFRACTION

A

as waves enter shallow water approaching the coast they are affected by friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

:(

A

:(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FORESHORE (or INTERTIDAL ZONE)

A

the bit in between the highest tide and the lowest tide. This area is the most important in terms on landforms and landscapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BACKSHORE

A

from highest tide to the cliff or dune. This area only gets wet during floods and storms, it is also not affected by the tides (SUPRATIDAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DIFFERENTIAL EROSION

A

variation in the rates of erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

JOINT

A

vertical crack in a roc

22
Q

FAULT

A

vertical crack in a rock caused by tectonic activity

23
Q

PIONEER SPECIES

A

the first species to colonize a new area of land (in many cases this is grass holding a dune together)

24
Q

PRIMARY DUNES

A

parallel to the beach

25
Q

SECONDARY DUNES

A

perpendicular to the beach

26
Q

CORIOLIS EFFECT

A

caused by the spinning of the Earth

27
Q

SPRING TIDE

A

when the moon, Earth, and sun line up, it causes a really high tide and a really low tide, meaning there is a large tidal range

28
Q

TIDAL RANGE

A

the distance between the highest and the lowest tide

29
Q

NEAP TIDE

A

when the moon is perpendicular to the line of the sun, there is a lower high tide and a higher low tide, meaning it has a small tidal range. This is because there is no longer the gravitational pull from the moon and the sun, it is now just the moon.

30
Q

OFFSHORE BAR

A

forms when material has been dragged back by destructive waves, it is also called the breaking point because it encourages the waves to break.

31
Q

BERMS

A

ridges on a beach, formed by constructive waves pushing stuff up but not being able to pull it back down the beach

32
Q

PERCOLATION

A

the process of liquid passing through a filter of some sort, in this case rocks

33
Q

WAVE CUT NOTCH

A

the area where the cliff has been undercut

34
Q

CAVITATION

A

imploding air bubbles when they hit the cliff, they slowly erode the cliff over time

35
Q

SPIT

A

a long narrow piece of land that has one end joined to the mainland, while the other projects out into the sea

36
Q

TOMBOLO

A

a spit that joins and island to the mainland

37
Q

BAR

A

a spit that develops across a bay to join 2 headlands

38
Q

GRAVITY SETTLING

A

the water has less energy, and so can no longer carry material and so deposits its material

39
Q

EROSION

A

the breakdown of rock by some external force which then transports the material to a new location

40
Q

WEATHERING

A

the in-situ breakdown of rock by different agents that does not involve any type of movement

41
Q

MASS MOVEMENT

A

the downward slope of material under the influence of gravity

42
Q

What are the conditions for constructive waves?

A
  • Created in calm weather, less powerful than destructive waves
  • They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches
  • They have a swash that is stronger than backwash
  • They have long wavelength and are low in height
43
Q

What are the conditions for destructive waves?

A
  • Created in storm conditions
  • Created from big, strong waves when the wind is powerful and has been blowing for a long time
  • They occur when wave energy is high and the wave has traveled over a long fetch
  • They tend to erode the coast
  • Stronger backwash than swash
  • Short wavelength and are high and steep
44
Q

What effects waves?

A

Size and Energy is influenced by
- How long the wind has been blowing (throughout the day)
- The strength of the wind
- How far the wave has traveled (fetch)

45
Q

Hydraulic Action

A
  • As the wave approaches a rock face, air can become trapped in joints and cracks of a cliff face.
  • When a wave breaks off a cliff, air is trapped and compressed into a very small space
  • As the wave retreats, the compressed air is suddenly released - a mini explosion occurs. Small bits of rock around the crack in the cliff face may shatter as a result of the mini-explosion
46
Q

Abrasion

A
  • Sea water carries bits of broken rock and sand —> as the wave crashes onto a rock platform. Sometimes, bits of broken rock fall from a cliff face onto the rock platform.
  • The water moves these bits of rock forward and backward over the rock platform
  • Over time, the movement of bits of rock and sand by the waves grind down rock platform surfaces.
47
Q

Attrition

A

-Involves bigger pieces of rock becoming smaller.
- These bits of rock become smaller as the waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore and into each other

48
Q

Chemical Weathering

A
  • Rocks containing minerals.
  • These minerals sometimes react when sea water ‘hits’ or wets the rock to produce a weak acid that helps to erode the rock over time
49
Q

How does long shore drift happen?

A
  • Material that erodes on the coastline is transported along the coast by waves and currents before deposition elsewhere
  • LSD occurs when waves approach a coastline at an angle and the swash brings the sediment up onto the coast at the same angle. Due to friction and the pull of gravity, the sediment is then brought seawards by the backwash at a right angle to the coast.
    This zig zag motion is repeated.
50
Q

3 hard engineering strategies

A
  • Sea wall
  • Groynes
  • Rock armour
51
Q

Two soft engineering strategies

A
  • Beach Nourishment
  • Beach vegetation

Geo (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions