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Study Guide Decks > GEO 102 - Unit 1 > Flashcards

GEO 102 - Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Geography

A

A spatial science that describes the physical and cultural aspects of Earth

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2
Q

Define Human Environment Interactions

A

It is the interaction between the human social system and the ecosystem
(how humans adapt to their natural and changing environment)
(ex: building a dam or wearing gloves in the snow)

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3
Q

Define Region

A

A geographic concept of spatial similarity (12 World Regions)

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4
Q

List 12 World Regions

A

1) N. America
2) Latin America
3) The Caribbean
4) Europe
5) Oceania
6) North Africa/South West Asia
7) Central Asia
8) South Asia
9) East Asia
10) Southeast Asia
11) Eurasia
12) Sub-Saharan Africa

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5
Q

Define Plate Tectonics

A

(A theory) Earth’s crust has chunks that move over time
o Divergent: plates began to move away from each other (generating new crust)
o Convergent: plates begin to move towards each other (crust is destroyed)
o Transform: plates move past one another and cause no destruction (move horizontally)

(ex: earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis)

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6
Q

Lithosphere vs Asthenosphere

A

Lithosphere: the crust and upper mantle
Asthenosphere: below the lithosphere

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7
Q

Mountain Formation

A

When 2 plates of the same density collide and push up land to form mountains (EX: The Rockies)

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8
Q

Define Pangea and its natural hazards

A

o The supercontinent that broke up and drifted away 200 years ago
o Natural disasters: earthquake, volcano, and tsunami

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9
Q

Approximate population of the world

A

~ 7.9 Billion

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10
Q

RNI (Rate of Natural Increase

A

(birth per thousand - death per thousand) / 10

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11
Q

TFR (Total Fertility Rate)

A

The average number of children born per woman in a given area

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12
Q

Cultural Syncretism

A

The blending of two or more cultures producing a 3rd culture that exhibits traits from all three
(ex: Tex-Mex, Creole)
(product of globalization)

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13
Q

Independant Countries

A

~ 195

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14
Q

GNI (Gross National Income) per capita

A

The total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses (an indicator of economic development)

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15
Q

Globalization: Economy

A

o Economic integration
o Global economy
o Global financial transaction

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16
Q

Globalization: Culture/Social

A

o Cultures are becoming homogenous
o Every culture dispensed around the world
o Cultural syncretism

EX: McDonald in France or Apple Store in Morocco

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17
Q

Globalization: Politics

A

o Global civil society
o United Nations
o Democracy
o Political relationships between nations and states

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18
Q

Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change

A

o Fossil fuels account for 75% of greenhouse effect
o Heat goes up into space and becomes trapped in Earth’s atmosphere
o Cause of global warming (earth is overheated)
o Climate Change: drought, snow melts faster, warmer ocean water, decline in biodiversity

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19
Q

Appalachians vs Rockies (North American Mountains)

A

Appalachians
o Older mountain formed when Pangea came together
o Round, low peaks with long term erosion

Rockies
o Newer mountain formed when Pangea broke apart
o Rugged, high peaks

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20
Q

The North American Prairie

A

o Grassland bioregion
o Flat landscape of moderate election East of Rockies
o Moderate temperature
o Moderate rainfall
o Few trees

21
Q

The Fall Line

A

The boundary between Piedmont and the Coastal Plain of Atlantic Ocean

22
Q

Ogallala Aquifer

A

o An underground later of permeable rock that holds groundwater
o Primary Use: irrigation in a dry region
o Location: Great Plains (South Dakota to Texas)
o Primary Concern: excessive pumping that is leading to decrease in water levels

23
Q

Pacific Northwest Climate Characteristics

A

o Marine West Coast
o Mild summers with rainfall
o Mild to cool winters
o Cloudy/grizzly conditions
o EX: Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Coloumbia

24
Q

USA Population

A

~ 333 million (3rd largest in the world)

25
Q

Megalopolis

A

A regions largest settlement cluster
o USA: N Boston to S of Washington DC

26
Q

Negative Consequences of Urban Sprawls in N America

A

AKA Suburban sprawl
o Natural habitat loss
o Automobile dependance (fossil fuel burning)
o Difficulty in establishing a mass transit
o Decline of central cities

27
Q

Gentrification

A

The renovation of a deteriorated urban neighborhood
o Consequence:
o Displacement of low-income residents
o Community businesses replaced by corporate ones
o Favorable for local government

28
Q

Quebec’s Predominant Language and Religion

A

Religion: Roman Catholic
Language: French

29
Q

North American Economey

A

o Economy sectors: primary, manufacturing, service
o Service sectors (tertiary): dominates employment and economic expansion (ex: baking, retail, restaurants)
o Agriculture: 10.5% workers

30
Q

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

A

o Eliminated tariffs between USA, Canada, and Mexico
o Tariffs: taxes imposed on imported goods and services
o The largest fine trade agreement under GDP
o Job loss and large trade deficit for the USA

31
Q

Predominant grain crop produced in the Great Plains (ex: Kansas and Saskatchewan)

A

Wheat

32
Q

Income Disparity in the US (1970s vs Today)

A

o Large gap between rich and poor
o Much greater than most MDCs
o Significant rise since 1970s

33
Q

Patagonia

A

o AKA “End of the World”
o Southern cone of South America
o Chile and Argentina
o Southern part of the Andes mountain (dessert and grassland)

34
Q

Seasonal Temperature Variation in the Tropics

A

o Much of South America lies in the tropics
o Tropical Rainforest: very warm/hot all year and rainy
o Tropical Savannah: very warm/hot all year
o Humid Subtropical: hot/humid summer with rain and mild winters with rain

35
Q

Tierra Caliente Crops

A

sugarcane, banana, and rice

36
Q

Tierra Fria Crops

A

wheat, potato, and grazing

37
Q

The Treaty of Tordesillas

A

The division of South American between Spain and Portugal
o 46° W: Spain’s Territory
o 46° E: Portugal’s Territory

38
Q

Crops from New World to Old World

A

corn, potato, tomato, cacao, tobacco, peanuts, etc

39
Q

Crops from Old World to New World

A

sugarcane, coffee, bananas, horses, cattle, sheep wheat, etc.

40
Q

Quecha Language

A

o An indegionous language
o Commonly spoke in the Andes
o Common in Peru

41
Q

Change in TFR in Latin America

A

o Fertility decline
o Urbanization
o More employed women
o More educated women
o Better access to birth control

42
Q

Primate Cities and Examples in Latin America

A

A city in a country that is more dominant numerically, economically, politically, and culturally than the next city
o Example:
o Mexico City, MX
o Buenos Aires, AR
o Lima, PU
o Santiago, CH

43
Q

Squatter Settlements

A

o Unplanned housing on land that is not legally owned or rented
o Brazilian squatter settlements: favelas (slums)
o Cause: rapid urbanization means not enough jobs, infrastructure or housing

44
Q

Leading coffee-producing countries in Latin America

A

o Brazil (#1)
o Colombia (#3)

45
Q

Country with the world’s largest crude oil reserves

A

Venezuela

46
Q

Maquiladoras

A

Assembly plants built with foreign capitals
o 1000 in Mexico
o Majority of export goes to the United States

47
Q

Remittances

A

o Money sent back home to emigrant workers
o A source of income for many

48
Q

Primary Cause of Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

A

Cause
o Cattle Ranching
o Agriculture
o Grassification (converting tropical forest into pastures for cattle ranching)

Effect
o CO2 Emmission
o Increase soil erosion
o Biodiversity loss

Study Guide Decks (3 decks)

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