GENRAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards
Evaluate the two methods for producing a large mass of ammonium sulfate.
c) (industrial process) (is) large(er) scale
allow converse for laboratory process ignore references to cost / energy ignore large mass produced
(is) quicker
(is a) continuous process
allow does not need to be repeated
Why do the percentages of phosphorus and of potassium in this fertiliser not add up to 100%?
substances in the fertiliser (besides phosphorus and potassium)
The mixture of gases from the reactor cools in the condenser, but ammonia doesn’t why?
ammonia has a higher boiling point
allow the other gases have lower b
The percentages of carbon dioxide and oxygen have changed from Earth’s early atmosphere to Earth’s atmosphere today.
Explain the processes that led to these changes.
I haven’t changes
• carbon dioxide has decreased
• oxygen has increased
processes
• volcanic activity released water vapour
• the water vapour condensed to form oceans
• carbon dioxide dissolved in oceans
• carbonates produce sediments
• carbon locked up in sedimentary rocks
• algae and plants evolved / appeared
• algae / plants absorbed carbon dioxide
• by photosynthesis
• which also released oxygen
• carbon locked up in fossil fuels
Why is a longer chain hydrocarbon not used as fuel
- viscosity is too high
- low flammability
- to high melting and boiling point
Why are smaller chain hydrocarbons produced from cracking
- they are in higher demand as they are more useful as better fuels
Why are smaller chain hydrocarbons produced from cracking
- they are in higher demand as they are more useful as better fuels
why is distilled water safe to drink
pure substance as only water molecules
why does appratus with no cooling mechanism collect less water
more steam escapes as less steam condenses because cooling is less efficient because a leiburg condenser is not used
Explain the environmental effects of releasing these carbon and sulfur of
combustion into the atmosphere.
- carbon dioxide produced
- (which is) a greenhouse gas
- (therefore) surface temperature increases
- (therefore) global warming
- (so) climate change
- (so) polar ice caps melt
- (so) increasing sea levels
- (so) flooding
- (so) extreme weather events
- (so) reduction in biodiversity
- (so) famine / drought
- sulfur dioxide produced
- (which causes) acid rain
- (so) damage to buildings / statues
- (so) damage to trees
- (so) damage to aquatic animals
- (so) respiratory problems in humans
- carbon / soot produced
- (which are) particulates
- (which cause) global dimming
- (so) respiratory problems in humans
- carbon monoxide produced
- (which is) toxic
Solar energy may not be able to replace the generation of electricity from
fossil fuels completely.
Suggest two reasons why
any two from:
* sunshine is unreliable
* increased demand for energy
describe how phytomining works
grow plants (on land containing copper ores)
plants are burnt (to produce ash)
ash dissolved in acid (to produce a solution of a copper compound)
electrolysis of solution (containing a copper compound)
or
displacement (of copper) from solution
Phytomining has not been widely used to extract copper.
Suggest two reasons why
any two from:
* high grade ores still available
* land not available
* phytomining takes a long time
* new technology
describe how fresh water is strellised
choose an appropriate source of fresh water
* such as rivers, streams, lakes, boreholes
