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biology 2 > genotypes, phenotypes, dna and sex linked traits > Flashcards

genotypes, phenotypes, dna and sex linked traits Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a female sex chromosome?

A

X X

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2
Q

what is the male sex chromosome?

A

X Y

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3
Q

what is a autosome?

A

any of the other chromosomes not including sex chromosome

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4
Q

what is the 1-22 chromosomes in humans?

A

autosomes

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5
Q

what is the 23 chromosome in humans?

A

sex chromosome

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6
Q

what is the name of the scientist who discovered that traits where inherited? (capital letter for names please)

A

Gregor Mendal

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7
Q

what is a genotype?

A

a combination of letters

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8
Q

what is a phenotype?

A

the trait actually shown because of your genotype

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9
Q

what is a homozygous?

A

two copies of the same gene

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10
Q

what is a hetrozygous?

A

two different copies of a gene

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11
Q

what is an allele?

A

different forms of the gene for a particular trait

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12
Q

if a short plant is recessive what is its genotype?

A

tt

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13
Q

if a tall plant is dominant what is its genotype?

A

Tt

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14
Q

why is a punnet square used?

A

to predict the inheritance on traits

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15
Q

how is a dominant trait shown? (use the letter w)

A

WW or Ww

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16
Q

how is a recessive trait shown? (use the letter w)

A

ww

17
Q

what is a zygote?

A

a fertilised egg

18
Q

what is a gamete?

A

a sex cell with one copy of each chromosome

19
Q

what is a tetrad?

A

4 cells grouped together

20
Q

what is a somatic?

A

any cell that is not a sex cell

21
Q

what is a haploid?

A

a cell with one copy of each chromosome

22
Q

gametes are haploid? (true or false)

A

true

23
Q

what is a homologous? (similar to homozygous)

A

two of the same

24
Q

what is a heterologous?

A

two different chromosomes

25
Q

what is a diploid?

A

a cell with two copies of each chromosome (two sets)

26
Q

what is a germ cell?

A

gamete

27
Q

what is meiosis?

A

the process used to produce gametes

28
Q

how many chromosome are in a human?

A

46 chromosomes

29
Q

what is a sex linked trait?

A

if a gene is on a X or Y chromosome

30
Q

what is PMAT? (commas please)

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telephase

31
Q

what is a transgender genotype?

A

XXY

32
Q

when are ratios used?

A

to sum up the punnet square results

biology 2 (3 decks)

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