Genotype-Phenotype Gender Mismatch

Question 1

When the hollow ball of the early embryoblast cells begins to organize after commitment into various early tissues that will become specific organs, a structure known as a _____ _____ forms in both males and females.

Answer 1

bipotential gonad

Question 2

The bipotential gonad development begins in the _____ week after conception in the urogenital ridge area of the embryo.

Answer 2

fifth

Question 3

The bipotential gonad has the potential to develop into a _____ or _____, depending on which hormones and other factors influence it.

Answer 3

1. testis

2. ovary

Question 4

True or false:
Tissues that develop into male or female sex organs are only present in the particular XX or XY embryo that their potential is to develop into.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Wolffian glands develop into _____ sex organs, and Mullerian ducts develop into _____ sex organs.

Answer 5

1. male

2. female

Question 6

Mesonephric ductal tissue are _____ _____.

Answer 6

wolffian glands

Question 7

Paramesonephric ductul tissue are _____ _____

Answer 7

mullerian ducts

Question 8

_____ ductal tissues have androgen (such as testosterone).

Answer 8

Mesonephric

Question 9

Anti-mullerian factor and the H-Y antigen are present to develop _____ sex organs.

Answer 9

male

Question 10

The SRY gene produces _____ _____ (TDF) and together with the H-Y angigen organize the bipotential gonad into a testis.

Answer 10

testis-determining factor

Question 11

Anti-mullerian factor causes regression and degeneration of the _____ ductal tissues so that anatomic female sex structures do not develop.

Answer 11

paramesonephric

Question 12

Without the presence of TDF, testosterone, and anti-mullerian factor, the _____ ducts regress and degenerate.

Answer 12

mesonephric

Question 13

Maternal hormones influence the bipotential gonad to develop into an active ovary around _____ weeks after conception.

Answer 13

6

Question 14

The lack of anti-mullerian factor together with the genetic influence of autosomal gene products causes the development of _____ ductal tissues into complete anatomic female structures.

Answer 14

paramesonephric

Question 15

In XY females, all tissues, including the masculine tissues (mesonephric ductal tissues) are missing ______ receptors.

Answer 15

androgen

Question 16

The lack of androgen receptors in XY females results in no developmental influence on the _____ ductal tissue, because they lack the receptors for binding and allowing testosterone to change the gene activity of these cells.

Answer 16

mesonephric

Question 17

True or false:

An XY female has a vagina that ends in a blind pouch with no uterus or fallopian tubes.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

In XY females, the once organized testicular tissue may or may not continue to produce androgens that essentially have no target tissue and is at _____ risk of developing testicular cancer.

Answer 18

higher

Question 19

XX males share many characteristics with men who have _____ syndrome.

Answer 19

Klinefelter