Genomics

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

All of the DNA that an organism possesses.
The human genome is made up of all of the DNA in our chromosome as well as that in our mitochondria.

Question 2

List the two main genomic evolutions at a chromosomal level

Answer 2

1. Single Chromosome mutation
2. Double Chromosome mutation

Question 3

List the different types of single mutations

Answer 3

1. Deletion
2. Duplication
3. Inversion

Question 4

List the different types of double chromosome mutations

Answer 4

1. Translocation
2. Insertion

Question 5

List the different types of sequence level genomic evolution

Answer 5

1. Mutation within a gene
2. Mutation in regulatory region
3. Gene duplication
4. Exon shuffling
5. Horizontal transfer

Question 6

List an example of whole genome duplication

Answer 6

Aberramt Meiosis

Question 7

What is Aberrant Meiosis

Answer 7

Pairs of homologous chromosomes have mot separated into different nuclei, resulting gametes will be diploid rather than haploid

Question 8

When does Aberration Meiosis occur

Answer 8

Between prophase I and prophase II

Question 9

List the different types of duplication deletion

Answer 9

1. Unequal crossing over
2. Uneaqual DNA exchange

Question 10

What is homologous chromosomes? (Unequal crossing over)

Answer 10

In the process of crossing over, normally homologous chromosomes align properly, but in this case, misalignment occurs.
Similarity of repeat sequences: The misalignment happens because of the presence of repeat sequences in both chromosomes. These sequences are highly similar, making it easy for one chromosome to pair incorrectly with the other.

Question 11

What is duplication deletion?

Answer 11

One set of chromosome gets duplicated and the other gets deleted. Amount of DNA materials present in sister chromatids, daughter DNAs or homologous chromosomes are different

Question 12

List an example of insertion deletion

Answer 12

Replication slippage

Question 13

What are the scenarios of replication slippage and when does it occur?

Answer 13

Scenario 1, insertion of new nucleotide
Scenario 2, Deletion of nucleotide

It occurs on newly synthesised strand and/or template strand