Genomes and genomics Flashcards
What is a genome?
Entire compliment of hereditary genetic information
What is the genome made up of?
Genes
Regulatory sequences
Structural DNA
“Junk” DNA
What is DNA measured in?
Base pairs (bp)
What is the C-value paradox?
Genome size is not correlate with organismic complexity or the number of genes
How fast was the human genome project processing information in 1995?
500bp of DNA per 10-hour run
How fast was the human genome project processing information in 2000?
5000bp of DNA per 10-hour run
How fast was the human genome project processing information in 2010?
400-600,000,00bp of DNA per 10-hour run
How long is the human genome?
3,000,000 bp
How many base pairs does the average gene have?
3000 bp
What is the total number of genes estimated to be?
21,000
How much of the human genome encodes for the production of proteins?
2%
How much of the human genome is repetitive sequences?
at least 50%
Is the order of most nucleotide bases the same in all people?
Yes
What bases are generally found in gene dense regions?
G and C
What bases are generally found in gene poor regions?
A and T
Which chromosome has the most genes?
Chromosome 1
2968
Which chromosome has the least genes?
Y chromosome
231
What is homology?
Characters that have the same evolutionary origin
Describe the key points of eukaryotic DNA.
Double stranded
Linear
Segmented (many chromosomes)
Describe the key points of prokaryotic DNA.
Double stranded
Circular
Non-segmented (1 chromosome)
Describe the key points of virus DNA/ RNA.
Single or double stranded or both
Linear or circular or both
Segmented or non segmented
It does what it wants lol
Describe the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome.
Several nucleosomes wrap together to form a solenoid structure: a chromatin fibre
Chromatin fibres form into looped domains
Central to looped domains is a protein scaffold
Looped domains fold in mitosis and meiosis
What does solenoid mean?
Like a coil of wire
