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Genetics and evolution > Genomes and genomics > Flashcards

Genomes and genomics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a genome?

A

Entire compliment of hereditary genetic information

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2
Q

What is the genome made up of?

A

Genes
Regulatory sequences
Structural DNA
“Junk” DNA

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3
Q

What is DNA measured in?

A

Base pairs (bp)

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4
Q

What is the C-value paradox?

A

Genome size is not correlate with organismic complexity or the number of genes

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5
Q

How fast was the human genome project processing information in 1995?

A

500bp of DNA per 10-hour run

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6
Q

How fast was the human genome project processing information in 2000?

A

5000bp of DNA per 10-hour run

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7
Q

How fast was the human genome project processing information in 2010?

A

400-600,000,00bp of DNA per 10-hour run

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8
Q

How long is the human genome?

A

3,000,000 bp

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9
Q

How many base pairs does the average gene have?

A

3000 bp

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10
Q

What is the total number of genes estimated to be?

A

21,000

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11
Q

How much of the human genome encodes for the production of proteins?

A

2%

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12
Q

How much of the human genome is repetitive sequences?

A

at least 50%

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13
Q

Is the order of most nucleotide bases the same in all people?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What bases are generally found in gene dense regions?

A

G and C

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15
Q

What bases are generally found in gene poor regions?

A

A and T

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16
Q

Which chromosome has the most genes?

A

Chromosome 1

2968

17
Q

Which chromosome has the least genes?

A

Y chromosome

231

18
Q

What is homology?

A

Characters that have the same evolutionary origin

19
Q

Describe the key points of eukaryotic DNA.

A

Double stranded
Linear
Segmented (many chromosomes)

20
Q

Describe the key points of prokaryotic DNA.

A

Double stranded
Circular
Non-segmented (1 chromosome)

21
Q

Describe the key points of virus DNA/ RNA.

A

Single or double stranded or both
Linear or circular or both
Segmented or non segmented
It does what it wants lol

22
Q

Describe the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome.

A

Several nucleosomes wrap together to form a solenoid structure: a chromatin fibre
Chromatin fibres form into looped domains
Central to looped domains is a protein scaffold
Looped domains fold in mitosis and meiosis

23
Q

What does solenoid mean?

A

Like a coil of wire

Genetics and evolution (10 decks)

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