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BMS05 > Genomes > Flashcards

Genomes Flashcards

1
Q

What year was the Human Genome Project completed?

A

2003

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2
Q

What was the budget of the Human Genome Project?

A

$300 million

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3
Q

What were the three criteria of the HGP?

A

Accurate

Affordable

Accessible

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4
Q

What were the goals of the HGP?

A

Sequence human genome

Identify genes and their functions

Investigate association between genes and disease

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5
Q

How many genes are in the human genome?

A

~21,000

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6
Q

How much of the human genome consists of protein-coding sequences?

A

~1.6%

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7
Q

What are LINEs?

A

Long interspersed elements

~6000bp; 850,000 repeats

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8
Q

What are SINEs?

A

Short interspersed elements

~500bp; 500,000 repeats

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9
Q

What are LINEs and SINEs derived from?

A

Retrovirus genomes

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10
Q

What are mobile genetic elements?

A

Non-coding sequences derived from retrovirus genomes which can move around by transcription and reverse transcription

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11
Q

What is bioinformatics?

A

Use of computers to analyse and organise genome data

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12
Q

What characteristic sites can computers ‘spot’?

A

TATA box/promoters

Transcription regulatory elements

Translation initiation sites

Polyadenylation sites

5’/3’ splice sites

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13
Q

What is the transcriptome?

A

Set of all RNAs expressed in a cell/tissue type

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14
Q

What is the proteome?

A

Set of all proteins expressed in a cell/tissue type

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15
Q

How common are single nucleotide polymorphisms in humans?

A

~ every 1000bp

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16
Q

How much does it currently cost to sequence a human genome?

A

Thousands of pounds

17
Q

What does pharmacogenomics involve?

A

Personalised medicine based on your genome

18
Q

What are the ethical, legal and social implications of the Human Genome Project?

A

Who owns the genome?

Developing world is unlikely to benefit

Genetic information may be used by employers and insurance companies

Designer babies

BMS05 (3 decks)

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