Genome Projects Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is a genome?
Entire genes/All the DNA of an organism in the nucleus a cell.
How does a genome project work?
It works by collecting DNA samples from many individuals of a species. These DNA samples are then sequenced and compared to create a reference genome.
What is the human genome project?
- HGP began in 1990 as an international, collaborative research programme.
- Publicly funded
- DNA samples were taken from multiple people around the world, sequenced and used to create a reference genome.
- Data made publicly available
What is a proteome?
All the proteins made by an organism.
Why is determining the proteome of humans difficult?
Contains large amounts of non-coding DNA which are hard to distinguish from coding DNA.
What does DNA sequencing allow?
The base sequence of an organism’s genetic material can be identified and recorded.
What nucleotides are used in DNA sequencing?
Dideoxyribose
Why is it easier to sequence genome from prokaryotic than eukaryotic
- Prokaryotic organisms do not contain introns in their DNA
- So genome can be used directly to sequence the proteins directly that derive from genetic code
Why cant the genome be easily used to translate the proteome in eukaryotic cells?
- introns: base sequences that don’t code for amino acids therefore proteins
- regulatory genes: STOP & START codons as they don’t directly code for amino acid
Why is the proteome larger than the genome?
- Alternative splicing: removal of introns & re-joining of introns in different combinations to create collection of mRNA w/ different functions
- Modification of proteins (in Golgi apparatus)
