Genome Projects

Question 1

What is a GENOME?

Answer 1

the complete set of genetic material that an organism has

Question 2

What is a PROTEOME?

Answer 2

complete set of proteins that an organism can make

Question 3

What is the sequencing project in genome project?

Answer 3

sequecning - understand the order of bases in DNA
human genome project - sequences the whole human genome

only sequence short fragments at once
split the genome up into smaller sections which the sequence puts back together after
sequencing methods are constantly being updated

it has been replaced by high throughput pyrosequencing - that is faster, cheaper and automated

Question 4

How do we use sequencing to predict the amino acid sequence?

Answer 4

Simple organisms -
e.g. prokaryotes
- the gene will bind to protein easily
- enzyme, transport membrane and antigen make it easier to predict
the protein sequence as they have a few regulator genes
- regular genes control the expression of other genes
- they have little non-coding DNA

Complex organisms -

e. g. eukaryotes
- regular genes turns on/off other genes
- lots of non-coding DNA
- hard to determine proteins from DNA

SO IT WORKS MORE BETTER WITH SIMPLE ORGANISMS

Question 5

What is the use of genome projects?

Answer 5

• allows us to understand the revolutionary relatedness (phylogeny)
• can be used in medicine - if we find the antigen on pathogen, we can develop new vaccines
  to combat the pathogen e.g. mosquito that causes malaria