Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Molecular genetics > Genome organisation > Flashcards

Genome organisation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the genome?

A

All of the genetic material present in a cell or organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two genomes eukaryotes have?

A

Nuclear genome

Mitochondrial genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the nuclear genome consist of?

A

23 pairs of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many protein coding genes and RNA genes does the nuclear genome contain?

A

21000 protein coding

6000 RNA genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the nuclear genome inherited?

A

Maternal and paternal

Fusion of haploid gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the mitochondrial genome consist of?

A

Circular chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many genes are in the mitochondrial genome, what do they code for?

A

37

24 code for non-coding RNAs and only 13 code for polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the mitochondrial genome inherited?

A

Maternally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What % of the nuclear genome codes for proteins?

A

1-2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the non-protein coding nuclear genome consist of?

A

Repeat sequences,

Heterochromatin

RNA genes/regulatory sequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are transposons?

A

Moveable repeat DNA elements that can create or remove DNA mutations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two main types of transposons?

A

Retrotransposons

DNA transposons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do transposable elements result in?

A

Duplicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do DNA transposons copy?

A

Does not involve an RNA intermediate

DNA is instead cut out and pasted elsewhere.

Transposase enzymes cuts out the DNA transposon and ligates it into the target site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a tandem repeat?

A

Pattern of one or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is satellite DNA, how large?

A

Large repeats (170 nucleotides) of sequences adjacent to eachother.

17
Q

Where is satellite DNA found?

A

Centromeres and heterochromatin

18
Q

What are VNTRs?

A

Variable number tandem repeats. Short sequence is repeated.

19
Q

What are VRTRs useful for and why?

A

Analysis is useful in genetics and biology research, forensics, and DNA fingerprinting.

Show variations in length (number of repeats) among individuals.

20
Q

How large are mini-satellite repeats?

A

10-50 nucleotides

21
Q

How large are microsatellite repeats?

A

1-4 nucleotides

22
Q

What is a gene?

A

Defined as a determinant of a Mendelian character

Also as a functional unit of DNA.

23
Q

What protein coding genes does mtDNA code for?

A

ATP synthase, Fo (complex V)

Cytochrome c oxidase, (complex IV)

NADH dehydrogenase, (complex I)

24
Q

What 3 complexes of the ETC are coded for by mtDNA?

A

I, IV, V

25
Q

Does mtDNA code for all the ETC complexes?

A

No

26
Q

What RNA is coded for by mtDNA?

A

tRNA some rRNA

27
Q

Mitochondrial DNA is found in …

A

Both sperm and egg

28
Q

Mitochondrial genome is composed of …

A

a double-stranded circular DNA molecule

29
Q

Inheritance of mutations in the mitochondrial genome is…

A

Often associated with neuromuscular disorders

Molecular genetics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions