Genome Editing

Question 1

How is genetic technology regulated?

Answer 1

Legislation
Normative documents
Policies
Regulations

Question 2

What is human germ-line editing?

Answer 2

Manipulating the genes of reproductive cells.

Question 3

What is human embryonic stem cell research?

Answer 3

The study of potential applications of pluripotent cells.

Question 4

What is human reproductive cloning?

Answer 4

The cloning of reproductive cells

Question 5

What is human somatic gene therapy?

Answer 5

The use of DNA modification to treat diseases.

Question 6

What is human cloning research?

Answer 6

Research done on duplicates of human cells.

Question 7

What is pre implantation genetic diagnosis?

Answer 7

The identification of genetic defects in embryos prior to implantation.

Question 8

What is a prohibited embryo?

Answer 8

In Australian law, a prohibited embryo is an ámbito with an altered germ-line or an embryo that has been created solely for the purpose of research.

Question 9

Describe three different approaches of regulations.

Answer 9

Restrictive
Intermediate
Permissive

Question 10

Describe a restrictive law approach.

Answer 10

It outlaws all upstream practices and technology regardless of its purpose.

Question 11

Who practices restrictive law?

Answer 11

Canada and Germany

Question 12

Describe the Intermediate law approach.

Answer 12

It allows upstream applications and technology, yet forbids specific downstream applications.

Question 13

Who has an intermediate law approach?

Answer 13

Japan and Israel

Question 14

What is a permissive law approach?

Answer 14

Allows practices on a case by case basis.

Question 15

Who has a permissive approach?

Answer 15

United States and Singapore

Question 16

What is an eugenic trait?

Answer 16

Non-pathological genetic trait.

Question 17

What is the importance of preimplantation genetic diagnosis?

Answer 17

As proposed by Hinxton Group, PGD provides a self-regulatory approach and a potential model for defining research and clinical reproductive applications.

Question 18

What is the PGD model based on?

Answer 18

Gravity threshold
Prevention threshold
Transmission threshold

Question 19

In which countries human germline genetic modification is restrictive?

Answer 19

Canada, Germany, France, UK and Australia

Question 20

In which countries human germline genetic modification is legislative but intermediate?

Answer 20

United States

Question 21

In which countries human germline genetic modification is only regulatory and permissive?

Answer 21

Singapore and China

Question 22

Why is the definition of an embryo or germline an issue?

Answer 22

They both determine wether is a functional capability or a just a specific stage of development.

Question 23

Why is cautiousness a problem?

Answer 23

It may mean different things. Either being vigilant as informations and evidence is compiled or just setting tiers of restrictions and moratorias.

Question 24

Regarding prediagnostic embryo selection, which countries are regulatory and permissive?

Answer 24

Singapore, China, Japan, Israel

Question 25

Regarding prediagnostic embryo selection, which countries are restrictive?

Answer 25

Germany

Question 26

Regarding prediagnostic embryo selection, what’s the US take on?

Answer 26

Legislative but intermediate.

Question 27

Regarding reproductive cloning most countries are legislative and restrictive, except:

Answer 27

Singapore

Question 28

Human research cloning is restrictive in what countries?

Answer 28

Germany, Canada, Brasil France

Question 29

What’s United States’ take on human research cloning?

Answer 29

Regulatory but restrictive

Question 30

Human somatic cell therapy in the US is:

Answer 30

Intermediate and permissive.

Question 31

Human embryonic stem cell research is restrictive in which countries?

Answer 31

Canada and Germany