Genome Editing Flashcards
How is genetic technology regulated?
Legislation
Normative documents
Policies
Regulations
What is human germ-line editing?
Manipulating the genes of reproductive cells.
What is human embryonic stem cell research?
The study of potential applications of pluripotent cells.
What is human reproductive cloning?
The cloning of reproductive cells
What is human somatic gene therapy?
The use of DNA modification to treat diseases.
What is human cloning research?
Research done on duplicates of human cells.
What is pre implantation genetic diagnosis?
The identification of genetic defects in embryos prior to implantation.
What is a prohibited embryo?
In Australian law, a prohibited embryo is an ámbito with an altered germ-line or an embryo that has been created solely for the purpose of research.
Describe three different approaches of regulations.
Restrictive
Intermediate
Permissive
Describe a restrictive law approach.
It outlaws all upstream practices and technology regardless of its purpose.
Who practices restrictive law?
Canada and Germany
Describe the Intermediate law approach.
It allows upstream applications and technology, yet forbids specific downstream applications.
Who has an intermediate law approach?
Japan and Israel
What is a permissive law approach?
Allows practices on a case by case basis.
Who has a permissive approach?
United States and Singapore
What is an eugenic trait?
Non-pathological genetic trait.
What is the importance of preimplantation genetic diagnosis?
As proposed by Hinxton Group, PGD provides a self-regulatory approach and a potential model for defining research and clinical reproductive applications.
What is the PGD model based on?
Gravity threshold
Prevention threshold
Transmission threshold
In which countries human germline genetic modification is restrictive?
Canada, Germany, France, UK and Australia
In which countries human germline genetic modification is legislative but intermediate?
United States
In which countries human germline genetic modification is only regulatory and permissive?
Singapore and China
Why is the definition of an embryo or germline an issue?
They both determine wether is a functional capability or a just a specific stage of development.
Why is cautiousness a problem?
It may mean different things. Either being vigilant as informations and evidence is compiled or just setting tiers of restrictions and moratorias.
Regarding prediagnostic embryo selection, which countries are regulatory and permissive?
Singapore, China, Japan, Israel
Regarding prediagnostic embryo selection, which countries are restrictive?
Germany
Regarding prediagnostic embryo selection, what’s the US take on?
Legislative but intermediate.
Regarding reproductive cloning most countries are legislative and restrictive, except:
Singapore
Human research cloning is restrictive in what countries?
Germany, Canada, Brasil France
What’s United States’ take on human research cloning?
Regulatory but restrictive
Human somatic cell therapy in the US is:
Intermediate and permissive.
Human embryonic stem cell research is restrictive in which countries?
Canada and Germany
