Genitourinary system

Question 1

Know all the urine tests etc and know what each thing indicates

Answer 1

sa

Question 2

Know all the urine tests etc and know what each thing indicates

Answer 2

sa

Question 3

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 3

Inflammation of glomeruli

• glomerular injury that is mostly due to inflammatory changes in glomerular capillaries or basement membrane
• Most types are immunologically mediated
• accompanied by secondary glomerular injury: fibrin deposition, platelet aggregation,l neutrophil infiltration.

Clinical and lab features:

• proteinuria:
• haematuria
• impaired renal function dn reduced GFR
• hypertension

Question 4

Nephritic syndrome (acute inflammation of glomeruli) vs nephrotic syndrome (excessive permeability of the filtration membrane to plasma proteins)

Answer 4

Acute inflammation of glomeruli:

1. haematuria
2. Oliguria (low output of urine)
3. Azotaemia (heaps of nitrogen in blood)
4. Hypertension

Excessive permeability to proteins:

1. Massive proteinuria
2. Hypoalbuminaemia
3. Oedema
4. Hyperlipidaemia

Question 5

igA Nephropathy

Answer 5

50

The most common type of GN

Question 6

Post-streptococcal GN

51

Question 7

Urinary Tract Infection:
52-57
Clincial features

Answer 7

Clinical features

Question 8

Acute Pyelonephritis
58
Symotoms 
treatment 
prevention

Answer 8

Acute infections that ascend from the lower urinary tract or rarely spread to kidneys.
Presence of systemic symptoms:

Question 9

Urolithiasis- 62-66

Risk factors

Answer 9

q

Question 10

Proteinuria 68

Is due to what?

Answer 10

s

Question 11

Haematuria:
gross and microscopic
69-72

Answer 11

s

Question 12

Oliguria and polyuria

73

Answer 12

f

Question 13

Haematuria- DDx

Answer 13

74

Question 14

Acute pyelonephritis -DDx

Answer 14

75

Question 15

Oedema DDx

Answer 15

76

Question 16

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 16

Inflammation of glomeruli

• glomerular injury that is mostly due to inflammatory changes in glomerular capillaries or basement membrane
• Most types are immunologically mediated
• accompanied by secondary glomerular injury: fibrin deposition, platelet aggregation,l neutrophil infiltration.

Clinical and lab features:

• proteinuria:
• haematuria
• impaired renal function dn reduced GFR
• hypertension

Question 17

Nephritic syndrome (acute inflammation of glomeruli) vs nephrotic syndrome (excessive permeability of the filtration membrane to plasma proteins)

Answer 17

Acute inflammation of glomeruli:

1. haematuria
2. Oliguria (low output of urine)
3. Azotaemia (heaps of nitrogen in blood)
4. Hypertension

Excessive permeability to proteins:

1. Massive proteinuria
2. Hypoalbuminaemia
3. Oedema
4. Hyperlipidaemia

Question 18

igA Nephropathy

Answer 18

50

The most common type of GN

Question 19

Post-streptococcal GN

51

Answer 19

sf

Question 20

Urinary Tract Infection:
52-57
Clincial features

Answer 20

Clinical features

Question 21

Acute Pyelonephritis
58
Symotoms 
treatment 
prevention

Answer 21

Acute infections that ascend from the lower urinary tract or rarely spread to kidneys.
Presence of systemic symptoms:

Question 22

Urolithiasis- 62-66

Risk factors

Answer 22

q

Question 23

Proteinuria 68

Is due to what?

Answer 23

s

Question 24

Haematuria:
gross and microscopic
69-72

Answer 24

s

Question 25

Oliguria and polyuria

73

Answer 25

f

Question 26

Haematuria- DDx

Answer 26

74

Question 27

Acute pyelonephritis -DDx

Answer 27

75

Question 28

Oedema DDx

Answer 28

76