Genitourinary Organisation and Urinalysis

Question 1

How much of each substances in secreted/ absorbed and how much is left of each in the filtrate?

• water
• sodium
  -glucose
• inulin

Answer 1

Question 2

How would you draw the graph of the solutes and water against % substance in filtrate?

• water
• sodium
  -glucose
• inulin

Answer 2

Question 3

If leukocytes were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 3

UTI (urinary tract infection)

Question 4

If nitrite were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 4

Gram-negative bacteria in large number e.g., E.coli

Question 5

If ketones were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 5

starving or fasting or diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 6

If glucose were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 6

Diabetes mellitus

Question 7

If low specific gravity were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 7

Diabetes insipidus

Question 8

If protein were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 8

nephrotic syndrome

Question 9

If blood were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 9

Nephritic syndrome or kidney stones or UTI

Question 10

If bilirubin were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 10

Liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis) or gallstones

Question 11

If urobilinogen were detected by a dipstick, it may be an indication of what clinical disorder?

Answer 11

Liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis) or gallstones

Question 12

Why does urobilinogen or bilirubin indicate liver disease?

Answer 12

Question 13

How do you carry out a urinalysis with dipstick?

Answer 13

Label
Dip
Tap
Rest
Wait
Safety instruction

Question 14

What would you expect to see in a patient who suffers from polycystic kidney disease and is currently in end-stage renal failure?

Answer 14

Blood = protein + nitrile

Question 15

What would you expect in a dipstick for someone with high blood pressure, high bpm, and displays a sinus arrhythmia?

Answer 15

nitrite

Question 16

What you expect in a dipstick if a patient is dehydrated, seems tired and lacks energy, despite eating well and drinking lots of water. Also lots of weight loss, going to the toilet frequently. There is no clinical evidence of dehydration, high bpm, low blood pressure, breath smells of acetone.

Answer 16

Glucose + Ketones + high specific gravity + low pH