Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obstetrics and Gynaecology > Genitourinary medicine > Flashcards

Genitourinary medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Most common anaerobic bacteria causing BV

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BV risk factors

A

multiple sexual partners
excessive vaginal cleaning
recent antibiotics
smoking
copper coil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Presentation of BV

A

fishy-smelling watery grey or white vaginal discharge.
High pH >4.5
Clue cells on microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of BV

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common organism causing candidiasis or thrush

A

Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk factors for candidiasis

A

IBOD

Increased oestrogen
Poorly controlled diabetes
Immunosuppression
Broad-spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Presentation of thrush

A

thick, white discharge
Vulval and vaginal itching, irritation or discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Investigations for thrush

A

vaginal pH <4.5
charcoal swab with microscopy to confirm diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Management of thrush

A

Anifungal cream, pessary or fluconazole oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Canister Duo?

A

Standard over the counter single fluconazole tablet and clotrimazole cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chlamydia investigations

A

NAAT testing is the investigation of choice
For women vulovaginal swab is first-line treatment
For men: urine test is first line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

National Chlamydia screening programme

A

Open to all men and women aged 15-24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of chlamydia

A

Doxycycline for 7 days is first line
If pregnant - azithromycin can be used instead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chlamydia presentation

A

Most cases are asymptomatic in women.
Women:
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Pelvic pain
Painful sex
Painful urination

Men: Urethral discharge or discomfort
Painful urination
Reactive arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Main organism causing gonorrhoea

A

Nisseria gonorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Presentation of gonorrhoea

A

Females:
Odourless purulent discharge
Dysuria
Pelvic pain

Males:
Odourless purulent discharge
Dysuria
Testicular pain or swelling

17
Q

Diagnosis of Gonorrhoea

A

NAAT testing

Genital infections diagnosed via endocervical, vulvovaginal or urethral swabs or first catch urine.

Rectal and pharyngeal swab recommended for homosexual men

18
Q

Treatment of gonorrhoea

A

IM Ceftriaxone if sensitivities are not known
Oral ciprofloxacin if sensitivities are known

All patients should have ‘test of cure’ given high antibiotic resistance.

19
Q

Complications of gonorrhoea

A

PID
Chronic pelvic pain
Infertility
Prostatitis
Conjunctivitis
DIC
Endocarditis
Septic arthritis

20
Q

What organism causes non-gonococcal urethritis?

A

Mycoplasma genitalium

21
Q

What are the main features of mycoplasma genitalium?

A

Urethritis
Epididymitis
Cervicitis
Endometritis
PID

22
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium investigations?

A

NAAT testing
First urine sample for men
Vaginal swabs for women

23
Q

Management of mycoplasma genitalium

A

Doxycycline for 7 days and then azithromycin for 2 days

24
Q

PID can lead to?

A

Tubular infertility and chronic pelvic pain

25
Q

Most common organisms causing PID

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma genitalium

26
Q

Risk factors for PID

A

Not using protection
Multiple sexual partners
Younger age
Existing STI
Previous PID
IUD

27
Q

Presentation of PID

A

Pelvic or lower abdominal pain
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Abnormal bleeding
Pain during sex
Fever
Dysuria

28
Q

Investigations for PID

A

NAAT testing for gonorrhoea, chlamydia, mycoplasma genitalium, HIV test and syphilis test

High vaginal swab for BV, thrush and trichomonas

Microscope findings - absence of pus cells is useful for excluding PID

29
Q

Management of PID

A

Contact tracing

  1. Single dose of IM ceftriaxone to cover for chlamydia
  2. Doxycycline for 14 days to cover to chlamydia and mycoplasma genitalium
  3. Metronidazole to cover for anaerobes such as garnerella vaginalis
30
Q

Complications of PID

A

Sepsis
Abscess
Infertility
Chronic pelvic pain
Ectopic pregnancy

31
Q

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome and how is it treated?

A

a complication of PID caused by inflammation of the liver capsule -> adhesion formation between the liver and peritoneum.

Laparascopy used to visualise and treat adhesions by adhesiolysis.

32
Q

What type of organism is Trichomoniasis?

A

It is a parasite spread through sexual intercourse.

33
Q

What can trichomonas increase the risk of?

A

HIV
BV
Cervical cancer
PID

34
Q

How does trichomonas present?

A

Vaginal discharge - fishy
Itching
Dysuria
Painful sex
Balantis

35
Q

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis

A

Charcoal swab with microscopy

Low vaginal swab for women
First catch urine or urethral swab for men

36
Q

Trichomoniasis treatment

A

Metronidazole

Obstetrics and Gynaecology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions