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Genitourinary Disorders > Genitourinary Disorders > Flashcards

Genitourinary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Presence of casts in urine. The casts are formed from gelled protein precipitated in the renal tubules and molded to the to the tubular lumen; pieces of these casts break off and are washed out with the urine

A

Cylindruria

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2
Q

Partial or complete surgical removal of the urinary bladder

A

Cystectomy

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3
Q

Referring to urinary bladder

A

Cysto

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4
Q

A tubelike instrument containing lenses for viewing the interior of the bladder, entering through the urethra

A

Cystoscope

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5
Q

The quality of state of being detrimental or destructive to cells

A

Cytotoxicity

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6
Q

Elevation of the diastolic blood pressure

A

Diastolic hypertension

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7
Q

Used to increase secretion of urine

A

Diuretic

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8
Q

Painful or difficult urination

A

Dysuria

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9
Q

Collection of tissues; swelling

A

Edema

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10
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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11
Q

An estimate of the filtering capacity of the kidneys that takes into account serum creatinine concentration and other variables, such as age, gender, and body size

A

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

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12
Q

Occurs when there is excessive sodium and water retention in the body that cannot be adequately removed by diseased kidneys. Symptoms and signs of vascular congestion may include fatigue, SOB, hypertension, congestive heart failure, ascites, pleural effusions, and peripheral edema

A

Fluid overload syndrome

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13
Q

Pinpoint bleeding in the bladder caused by recurrent irritation

A

Glomerulations

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14
Q

Kidney disease in which the glomerular tuft becomes inflamed. The glomerular membranes becomes extremely porous, allowing both protein and blood cells to flow freely into the nephron capsules. Repeated small bouts may destroy more and more nephrons, causing chronic glomerulonephritis

A

Glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

A small tuft or cluster of capillaries enclosed within a bulb shaped dilation leading to the beginning of the nephron. It is from the glomerulus that fluid filters from the blood system into the kidney collection system

A

Glomerulus (of kidney)

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16
Q

The presence in the urine of serum albumin, the chief protein constituent of human blood plasma

A

Albuminuria

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17
Q

The transplant graft performed between two genetically different people

A

Allograft

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18
Q

A graft transplanted between genetically nonidentical individuals of the same species, also known as a homograft or homo transplantation

A

Allograft/allotransplantation

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19
Q

Generalized massive edema

A

Anasarca

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20
Q

Lack or loss of appetite

A

Anorexia

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21
Q

Immune or protective proteins in the blood that are generated in reaction to foreign proteins

A

Antibody

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22
Q

Any substance that, when introduced into the body, generates antibody production. It’s a substance which under appropriate conditions is capable of causing a specific immune response

A

Antigen

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23
Q

Volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

A

Hematocrit

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24
Q

Blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

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25
Q

The removal of toxic metabolic byproducts from the blood by diffusion in an artificial kidney machine

A

Hemodialysis

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26
Q

An apparatus that forces the affected individuals blood trough semipermeable tubes immersed in fluid. Urea and other metabolic byproducts diffuse from the blood into the surrounding fluid; performing limited kidney function. Blood must be anti-coagulated during dialysis

A

Hemodialyzer

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27
Q

A system designation for the gene products of at least four linked specific sites (a, b, c, d) on the 6th human chromosome that have been shown to have a strong influence on human allotransplantation

A

Human lymphocyte antigens (HLA)

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28
Q

A lesion involving all layers of the bladder wall, seen in chronic interstitial cystitis

A

Hunner’s ulcers

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29
Q

Swelling of a joint due to accumulation of water

A

Hydro arthrosis

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30
Q

A disorder of the kidney in which the ulcer becomes obstructed causing the kidney to become distended by the accumulated urine. Prolonged distinction can cause atrophy of nephrons, with residual reduction or loss of kidney function.

A

Hydronephrosis

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31
Q

Abnormally high concentration of lipids, usually fats, in the blood

A

Hyperlipidemia

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32
Q

Agents that block the body’s efforts to reject foreign bodies or tissues; used especially in organ transplantation

A

Immunosuppressive agents

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33
Q

Tissue or organ transplanted between genetically identical individuals, also known as syngraft

A

Isograft

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34
Q

Either of two organs in the lumbar region that filter the blood of toxic metabolic byproducts excreted as urine; also regulates the concentration of electrolytes in the blood

A

Kidney

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35
Q

Several renal insufficiency, generally accompanied by signs and symptoms of uremia

A

Kidney failure

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36
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocyte

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37
Q

A treatment for kidney stones in which acoustic shock waves are used to disintegrate renal calculi

A

Lithotripsy

38
Q

Neuropathy or polyneuropathy involving only the motor nerves

A

Motor neuropathy

39
Q

Surgical removal of a kidney

A

Nephrectomy

40
Q

Inflammation of the kidney; may be localized or diffuse and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or the interstitial kidney tissue

A

Nephritis

41
Q

A condition marked by the presence of renal calculi

A

Neprolithiasis

42
Q

The functioning filtering unit of the kidney, consisting of the of the glomerulus and uriniferous tubule. The 2 kidneys contain approx 2 million nephrons and approx 3/4 of these nephrons can be destroyed before blood composition becomes excessively abnormal

A

Nephron

43
Q

Sclerosis of the vascular arteries, arterioles and, sometimes, the capillaries of the kidney; the form of end-organ damage due to hypertension

A

Nephrosclerosis

44
Q

A genetic term for any disease of the kidney characterized by degenerative lesions of the renal tubules and/or glomeruli; generally used synonymously with the term, “nephrotic syndrome”

A

Nephrosis

45
Q

A generalized name for a group of diseases involving defective kidney glomeruli, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidema, and varying degrees of edema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

46
Q

The surgical construction of permanent fistula from surface of the skin directly into the pelvis of the kidney; usually compensatory for the loss of both the ureter and the bladder

A

Nephrotomy, cutaneous

47
Q

A condition of chronic renal disease characterized by edema, proteinuria, hypoalbumia, hpyerlipidemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

48
Q

A problem in peripheral nerve function that causes pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness in various parts of the body

A

Neuropathy

49
Q

Excessive frequency of urination at night

A

Nocturia

50
Q

Blockage of the outflow of urine from the kidneys at any level of the urinary track

A

Obstruction

51
Q

Fibrous degeneration with weakening or deformity of bones

A

Osteitis fibrosis

52
Q

Softening of the bones

A

Osteomalcia

53
Q

A thinning of bones with reduction in the bone mass resulting from a depletion of calcium and bone protein

A

Osteoporosis

54
Q

Refers to the administration of antibiotics by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection

A

Parenteral antibiotics

55
Q

Fractures resulting from weakening of the bone structure by pathologic processes such as osteomalacia and osteoporosis

A

Pathologic fracture

56
Q

The removal of toxic metabolic byproducts from the blood by diffusion which takes place inside the abdominal cavity. The dailyzing solution is infused into, and removed from, the abdominal cavity on either a continuous or an intermittent basis.

A

Peritoneal dialysis

57
Q

A hereditary, congenital condition characterized by multiple casts of both kidneys

A

Polycystic kidney disease

58
Q

Excessive thirst, persisting for long periods of time

A

Polydipsia

59
Q

Excessive discharge of urine

A

Polyuria

60
Q

The presence of protein in the urine

A

Proteinuria

61
Q

Generalized itching

A

Pruritus

62
Q

X-ray of the kidney and ureter using contrast medium

A

Pyelography

63
Q

A kidney inflammation due to bacterial infection, beginning in the interstitial tissues and extending to the tubules, glomeruli, and blood vessels

A

Pyelonephritis

64
Q

The presence of pus in urine

A

Pyuria

65
Q

Severe immune reaction of the body against grafted tissues, in which the body’s defense mechanisms attack the foreign tissue and cause failure of the graft; usually accompanied by pain and swelling

A

Rejection crisis

66
Q

A solidified deposit developing in the kidney, usually composed of mineral salts and o curing in a variety of sizes and shapes; may be a single or multiple

A

Renal calculus (kidney stone)

67
Q

Pertaining to the kidney

A

Renal

68
Q

Abnormal, decreased, kidney function, ranging from mild to severe

A

Renal insufficiency

69
Q

Demineralization if bone caused by chronic renal insufficiency

A

Renal osteodystrophy

70
Q

A major plasma protein that is responsible for much of the plasma colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood and serves as a transport protein

A

Serum albumin

71
Q

Abnormal narrowing

A

Stricture

72
Q

The surgical construction of fistula of combined skin and bladder flap to enable the collection of urine in a reservoir without using a cystostomy tube

A

Suprapubic cystostomy

73
Q

A group of signs and symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease or other abnormal condition

A

Syndrome

74
Q

A kidney inflammation primarily affecting the tubules and interstitial tissues; may be the result of either a primary or secondary disease process

A

Tubulointerstial nephritis (TIN)

75
Q

The chief nitrogenous constituent of urine and the chief nitrogenous end product of the metabolism of proteins. It is a major route for removal of the ammonia produced in the metabolism of amino acids in the liver and kidney

A

Urea

76
Q

The retention in the blood of excessive by products of protein metabolism and of potassium, which produce a toxic condition marked by nausea, vomiting, headache, vertigo, dimness of vision, coma or convulsions, and a fetid odor of the breath; result of nephron failure to adequately excrete urea and other protein by products

A

Uremia

77
Q

The bilateral membranous canals conducting urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureter

78
Q

Surgical procedure to graft the ureter to an incision in the intestine to divert urinary flow into the intestine. Has higher potential of infection than other urinary diversion procedures because of high bacteria count in the intestine

A

Uretero-enterostomy

79
Q

The membranous canal conducting urine from the bladder outside the body

A

Urethra

80
Q

Urine (suffix)

A

Uria

81
Q

Any of the surgical procedures undertaken to compensate for the loss of part of the urinary tract by creating a substitute orifice to conduct urine outside the body

A

Urinary diversion

82
Q

Those organs and ducts that participate in the secretion and elimination urine

A

Urinary tract

83
Q

Fluid excreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged by the urethra

A

Urine

84
Q

A lab calculation based on total protein. And creatinine in a urine sample

A

Urine total-protein-to-creatinine ratio

85
Q

Absence of excretion of urine from the body

A

Anuria

86
Q

An excess of urea or other nitrogenous substances in the blood. Generally due to abnormal kidney function.

A

Azotemia

87
Q

Any of the steroids produced by the adrenal cortex, including cortisol, corticosterone, and their synthetic equivalents, used as immunosuppressive agents

A

Corticosteroids

88
Q

A normal product muscle metabolism; level of which in blood is an index of level of kidney function

A

Creatinine

89
Q

A test for kidney function based on the rate at which creatinine is exceeded by the kidney. The measure of its excretion from the kidney provides a more reliable marker of kidney function than the BUN

A

Creatinine clearance test

90
Q

One of the nonprotein nitrogenous compounds of blood plasma; measure of kidney function

A

Blood urea nitrogen BUN

Genitourinary Disorders (1 decks)

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