Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gen Path > Genitourinary Disease > Flashcards

Genitourinary Disease Flashcards

1
Q

hypospadias

A

penile malformation

  • opening along ventral
  • UTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epispadias

A

penile malformation

  • opening along dorsal aspect
  • UT obstruction
  • urinary incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

squamous cell carcinoma- premalignant lesions

A

penile lesion
-solitary white/red plaque
-epi dysplasia
~10% gets invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bowen Disease?

A

penile squamous cell carcinoma in-situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

penile lesion

  • rare among circumcised men early on
  • crusted papule w/ ulceration/irregular margins
  • metastases: rare

survival: 66% for localized; 27% with metastases in inguinal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

first human malignancy associated with environmental influences?

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

scrotum neoplasms are rare but more disorders involve what?

A

the testes

-scrotum can have inflammatory processes/fungal infections/systemic dermatoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cryptorchidism

A

testes disorder

  • incomplete decent from abdomen to scrotum
  • 1% of 1 yr olds
  • uni or bilateral= STERILITY
  • 3-5x risk of testicular cancer

-orchiopexy reduces risk of sterility and cancer (surgery to bring down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epididymitis and orchitis

A

testis inflammation

  • epi most common
  • swelling/tender
  • UTI
  • associated with STDs
  • mumps complications (~20%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

torsion of testes

A

vascular disturbances

  • twisting of spermatic cord
  • venous obstruction–> vascular engorgement
  • adolescences, sudden onset of pain
  • UROLOGIC EMERGENCY: infarction will occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

testicular tumors- general info

A
  • 6 in 100,000
  • incidences 15-34 yrs
  • most common cause of painLESS testicular enlargment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

testicular tumors- heterogenous group of tumors (where)

A

-germ cells: 95%= malignant

s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

testicular tumors- heterogenous group of tumors (where)

A
  • germ cells: 95%= malignant

- stertoli/leydig cells (sex cord stromal tumors): 5%= benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

germ cell tumors

A

testicular tumor

  • seminomas vs non seminomatous
  • greater freq in undescended testis (3-5 fold)
  • only 10% have hx crytochidism
  • often mixed/multiple cell type, but can be pure/single
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

seminomas germ cell tumor

A

testicular tumor

  • epithelium of seminiferous tubules (less aggressive)
  • stays in testis long time–> can spread to lymphatics
  • responds well to chemo, radio
  • ONE OF THE MOST CURABLE CANCERS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

non-seminomatous germ cell tumor

A

testicular tumor
-spreads early via lymphatics/blood vessels (even small tumors)
-markers: alpha fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin
-prognosis better with newer chemo regimes
types:
-embryonal
-choriocarcinoma- very very aggressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

germ cell prognosis

A

-8,000 new cases,

18
Q

prostatitis

A

prostate inflammatory lesions

  • enlarged/tender
  • caused by BAC with UTIs-e. coli
  • acute or chronic
  • clinically silent, may have dysuria (pain peeing), frequency, low back pain, pelvic pain

–important cause of recurrent UTIs in men

19
Q

nodular hyperplasia of prostate =

A

benign prostatic hyperlasia (BPH)

20
Q

nodular hyperplasia of prostate affects where

A
  • inner periurethral zone compressing prostatic urethra

- proliferation of stromal and glandular elements

21
Q

nodular hyperplasia

A
  • common= 20% men affected at age 40, 90% at age 70
  • clinical symptoms= hesitancy, urgency, nocturia, poor urinary stream
  • chronic obstruction comes before recurrent UTI
  • etiology= no idea- maybe hormonal= local increase of ANDROGENS
22
Q

nodular hyperplasia tx

A
  • medical managment= drugs

- surgical (TURP)

23
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

carcinoma of prostate

  • most common cancer of men over 50= 25% cancer, only 9% die
  • can be clinically “latent”= 50% men over age 80
  • metastasis: lymph nodes/bone
24
Q

adenocarcinoma cause and location

A

carcinoma of prostate

  • unknown cause: may be androgens, genes, environment
  • outer (peripheral) glands, palpable by digital rectal exam
  • -more malignant
25
adenocarcinoma marker
carcinoma of prostate - elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) - good for diagnosis and management but elevation can be due to other cancer or non neoplastic conditions
26
adenocarcinoma tx and prognosis
carcinoma of prostate -surgery, radiation, hormonal manipulation - depends on anatomic extent - -10 yrs of 10-40% for disseminated disease (traveled)
27
adenocarcinoma
carcinoma of prostate - most common cancer of men over 50= 25% cancer, only 9% die - can be clinically "latent"= 50% men over age 80 - metastasis: lymph nodes/bone (patchy bone in mandible)
28
adenocarcinoma cause and location
carcinoma of prostate - unknown cause: may be androgens, genes, environment - outer (peripheral) glands, palpable by digital rectal exam - -more malignant - seen radiographically as neoplastic glands
29
urothelial carcinoma
urinary bladder neoplasm - majority (90%) - men 50-80 yrs - painless hematuria - tumors shed in urine= detect by cytology --can be papillary or flat
30
urothelial carcinoma risk factors
urinary bladder neoplasm - cirgarette smoking - chronic cystitis - infection w/ schistosomia - exposure to carcinogens
31
urothelial carcinoma tx and prognosis
urinary bladder neoplasm -transurethral resection, immunotherapy, radical cystectomy -depends on tumor grade and stage= atypia and invasion
32
STDs- most common
- genital herpes, genital HPV | - 10 leading infectious disease in US requiring CDC reporting: 5 are STDs
33
syphilis (lues)
- chronic infection by spirochete Treponemia pallidum - >14,000 - 30x more in AA than whites - transmitted: direct contact with cutaneous/mucosal lesions during early (primary or secondary) stage, highly infectious - rapidly disseminate to distant sites by blood/lymphatics
34
syphilis primary stage
chancre
35
syphilis secondary stage
- palmar rash - lymphadenopathy - condyloma latum
36
syphilis tertiary stage
- neurosyphilis: meningovascular, tabes dorsalis, general paresis - aortitis: aneurysms, aortic regurgitation - gummas: hepar lobatium, skin, bone, others
37
syphilis primary stage
-chancre (painless ulcer) at site of inoculation 9-90 days after initial infection (genitals, oral) - antibody production - resolves spontaneously in 4-6 WEEKS - untreated: ~25% pts develop secondary
38
syphilis secondary stage
- palmar rash (maculopapular-palms/soles of feet) - lymphadenopathy (and mucocutaneous lesions) - condyloma latum (and mucous patches-on mucosa) - occurs within 2 MONTHS following resolution of primary - resolves spontaneously over SEVERAL WEEKS, enters latent phase - untreated: close to 1/3 develop tertiary over 5-20 YEARS
39
syphilis tertiary stage
- neurosyphilis: meningovascular, tabes dorsalis, general paresis (10%, brain, meninges, spinal cord) - aortitis: aneurysms, aortic regurgitation (80%, cardiovascular) - gummas: hepar lobatium, skin, bone, upper airway, mouth (focal granulomatoys lesions) - develops after later period of 5+ YEARS - pts less likely to be infectious
40
congenital syphilis
- maternal transmission across placenta 1. stillbirth 2. infantile syphilis= clinical manifestations similar to secondary 3. late congenital syphilis= (untreated, >2yrs duration) - --hutchinson triad: teeth, intestitial keratitis, 8th cranial n deafness - convex shines
41
syphilis diagnosis
- bacteria within primary or secondary lesion - screening tests: RPR (rapid plasma reagin) and VDRL (venereal disease research laboratory): often neg early, ~15% false positive - specific tests: FTA (fluorescent treponemal antibiody): pos later in disease, remain pos indefinitely, even after tx --treated with antibiotics (penicillin)

Gen Path (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions