genital tract Flashcards
common symptomof STDs
urethritis
what is the most commonly reported infectious disease in the US & Canada
Chlamydia
chlamydia serovars
A, B, Ba & C are isolated from trachoma - an eye infection leading to blindness
D through K are associated with genital tract
L1, L2, L2b,L2a & L3 are associated with lymphogranuloma venereum ( LGV)
what is the second most common reported infectious disease in US & Canada
Gonorrhea
symptoms of Gonorrhea urethritis
bacteria binds to columnar epithelium of GI tract
dysuria, discharge without urinary frequency
women often have no symptoms
specimen collection
pass a small swab a few cm into urethra or milk exudate onto slide for staining
what is diagnostic for N. gonorrhea
gram neg intracelluar diplococci in symptomatic male
routine culture
selective media ( fastidious )
CO2 environment
common causes of cervicitis
C. trachomatis, N.gonorrhea
mycoplasma & Ureaplasma
> 10 WBC/HPF of exudate is associated with
chlamydia & gonococcal infection
what is the most common vaginal infection of women in child bearing age
bacterial vaginosis
- when normal flora of vaginal microbiota is replaced by an overgrowth of specific organism
normal bacteria and pH of vagina
lactobacillus
pH 3.8 - 4.5
bacterial that may be present in BV
- aerobes & anaerobes
aerobes
- gardnerella vaginalis
- mycoplasma hominis
- ureoplasma
anaerobe
- prevotella
- porphyromonas
- peptostreptococcus
- mobiluncus
slinical signs of BV
clue cells
pH >4.5
thin white discharge
fishy odor when 10 % KOH added to vaginal secretions
what is a clue cell
on a gram stain an epithelial cell coated with bacteria ( usually gardnerella vaginalis)
lactobacillus
gardnerella & mobiluncus nugent scoring
lacto
4=0
3=1
2=2
1=3
0=4
gard
1=1 etc
mob
0=0
1&2=1
3&4=2
scoring diagnosis
0-3 = normal
4-6 = altered vaginal flora
7-10 = BV
symptoms of Trichomonas
a parasite that causes itching, burning, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, genital redness or soreness & smelly vaginal discharge
cervix is punctate & papilliform in appearance ( strawberry cervix)
diagnosis of trichomonas
visualization of motile trichomonads in saline of vaginal fluid
culture & ID is gold standard
candidiasis is called
and caused by
vaginal thrush ( not a true STI)
caused by Candida albicans
when does candidiasis often occur
after use of broad range antibiotics
what is the pH when a person has thrush
normal pH 3.8-4.5
genital herpes are caused by
herpes simplex virus ( HSV)
two types of HSV
HSV 1- oral
HSV 2- genital
collection & transportation for HSV
vesicle fluids collected with a syringe or swab
cervical & mucosal swabs also collected
transported cold but NOT frozen
what do cells show for HSV
intracellular granulations
what is syphilis
a genital ucler disease caused by treponema pallidium
symptoms of syphilis
primary-chancre
secondary- skin rash
tertiary- gummas form
congenital- deformaties, rash , jaundice, meningitis, deafness & blindness
specimen for syphilis
& definitive method
lesion exudates
exam under darkfield microscope & DFA
what is a chancroid
an ulcer caused by haemophilus ducrey
painful, inflammation & bubo formation
ragged or uneven edges & gray to yellow purulent exudate
diagnosis of chancroid
ulcer lesion material of bubo aspirate
H. ducrey microscopically
pleomorphic gram neg coccobacilli in school of fish formation or railroad tracks
