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Year 4 Core Conditions GOSH > Genital Infections (not sexual health) > Flashcards

Genital Infections (not sexual health) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common organism present in the vagina?

A

Lactobacilli

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2
Q

What is the normal pH of a healthy vagina?

A

3.5-4.5

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3
Q

What is the normal pH of a post menopausal vagina?

A

7.0

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4
Q

Why does the healthy vagina produce discharge?

A

Due to hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle

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5
Q

Which is the most common lower genital tract infection?

A

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (Thrush)

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6
Q

Which microbe causes thrush?

A

Candida albicans

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of thrush?

A

Vulval itching and soreness
Curdled vaginal discharge
Dyspareunia
Dysuria

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8
Q

What are the signs of thrush?

A 
Vulval oedema
Vulval excoriation
Redness
Erythema
Normal vaginal pH
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9
Q

Ddx of thrush

A

Contact dermatitis
Allergic reactions
Non specific vaginal infection

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10
Q

How do you test for thrush?

A

Gram stain
Wet film examination
Direct agar plating

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for thrush?

A 
Pregnancy
High dosed COCP
Immunosuppression
Broad spectrum anitbiotics
DM
HRT
HIV+
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12
Q

Which group of imidazoles are contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

Oral

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13
Q

Which medication is used to treat vulvovaginal candida in a symptomatic woman?

A

Topical imidazoles such as clotrimazole

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14
Q

Which general housekeeping items should be discussed with the woman with thrush?

A

Avoid soaps, perfumes and synthetic underwear
If on high dose oestrogen contraception then lower the dose
Check BMs to rule out DM
Avoid recurrent courses of abx

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15
Q

When is thrush classified as a recurrent infection?

A

At least 4 infections per year with positive identification of C. albicans

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16
Q

Which condition is characterised by a found smelling discharge but no obvious inflammation of the vagina or vulva?

A

BV

17
Q

Risk factors for developing BV

A 
Pregnancy
High dose COCP
Immunosuppression
Antibiotic use
DM
HRT
HIV+
18
Q

Common organisms which cause BV (3)

A

Garnderella vaginalis
Mycoplasma hominis
Bacteriodes spp.

19
Q

Symptoms of BV

A

Fish smelling foul discharge
Can otherwise by asymptomatic
Discharge more prominent during and after menses

20
Q

Signs of BV

A

Discharge on walls of vagina - cloudy/creamy

21
Q

Management of BV

A

1st line: metronidazole 2g STAT or 400mg BD 5/7

Year 4 Core Conditions GOSH (3 decks)

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