genetika Flashcards

1
Q

genetika

A

mokslas tiriantis, kaip perduodami paveldimieji pozymiai

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2
Q

genas

A

tai chromosomu dalis kuri nulemia tam tikra individo savybe. (butent genai ir lemia kokius pozymius paveldes palikuonys)

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3
Q

zmogaus chromosomu rinkiniai:

A

46 chromosomos - diploidinis (dvigubas) zymimas 2n
23 chromosomos - hiploidinis (viengubas) zymimas n

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4
Q

koks rinkinys yra somatinese kuno lastelese?

A

diploidinis (46)

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5
Q

koks rinkinys yra lytinese lastelese?

A

hoploidinis (23)

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6
Q

pilnas vyru chromosomu rinkinys -

A

44 + XY

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7
Q

Pilnas moters chromosomu rinkinys -

A

44 + XX

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8
Q

Homologines chromosomos -

A

vienos lasteles branduolio chromosomu rinkinio chromosomos kurios yra porines ( vienodo dydzio ir formos)

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9
Q

gameta

A

lytines lasteles

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10
Q

kas yra autosoma

A

chromosomos kurios tiek vyru tiek moteru yra vienodos vadinamos autosomomis

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11
Q

kas yra chromosoma

A

kai moters ir vyru chromosomos skiriasi

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12
Q

monohibridinis kryzminimas

A

tai kryzminimas individu, parinktu pagal tam tikra viena pozimy, pavyzdziui: spalva, forma, dydi.

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13
Q

P karta

A

Kryzminami teviniai individai vadinami P karta

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14
Q

F1 (1 apacioje) karta

A

kryzminami pirmos kartos palikuoniai zymimi F1 (1 apacioje) karta

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15
Q

fenotipas

A

matomas isores pozymis pvz. Akiu spalva, plauku spalva.

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16
Q

genotipas

A

is tevu paveldeta genu visuma. Genotipai nulemia organizmo fenotipa.

17
Q

Genotipai:

A

Dominuojantieji homozigotiniai AA
Resecyvieji homozigotiniai aa
Dominuojantieji heterozigotiniai Aa

18
Q

Uzdaviniu sprendimo tvarka:

A
  1. Genu pasizymejimas
  2. P (teviniai genotipai)
  3. Gametos
  4. F1 (1 kartos palikuonys)
  5. Atsakymas
19
Q

I

A

0(I) - ii ( I0 I0)

20
Q

II

A

A(II) - IA IA , IA i (arba IA I0)

21
Q

III

A

B (III) - IB IB, IB i ( arba IB I0)

22
Q

IV

A

AB(IV) - IA IB