Genetik Flashcards
What is a Procyte?
A Procyte is a prokaryotic cell that lacks a true nucleus and has only genetic material in the form of nucleoid.
Procytes are typically found in bacteria.
What is a Eucyte?
A Eucyte is a eukaryotic cell that contains a true nucleus with genetic material enclosed in a membrane.
Eucytes are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
What are the main functions of the cell wall?
The main functions of the cell wall include:
* Protection
* Providing shape
* Regulation of substance exchange between cells
Cell walls are primarily found in plant cells and bacteria.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane regulates the exchange of substances between the cell and its environment.
It acts as a barrier and allows selective permeability.
What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
They can be found free in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What does ER stand for in cellular biology?
ER stands for Endoplasmic Reticulum.
It is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for energy release through cellular respiration.
They convert nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
They are found in plant cells and some protists.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for storage of genetic information.
nucleus
The nucleus contains the cell’s hereditary information.
What is the role of vacuoles in cells?
Vacuoles are responsible for storage of substances, waste products, and maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells.
In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and involved in storage and transport.
What is the significance of the cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton provides structural support and shape to the cell, and facilitates movement.
It is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall.
False.
Animal cells have a cell membrane but lack a rigid cell wall.
What is the primary function of the nucleolus?
The nucleolus is responsible for ribosome production.
It is located within the nucleus.
What are the two main types of cells?
The two main types of cells are:
* Prokaryotic cells
* Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are simpler and do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells are more complex.
What is the 3C-Atom of a Peutose missing?
Phosphatgruppe
The 3C-Atom of the sugar (Peutose) does not carry a phosphate group.
