Genetics (vocab terms)

Question 1

is the study of heredity. “BLANK” involves studying how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

are the characteristics of an organism. Examples are eye color, freckles, height or dimples.

Answer 3

Traits

Question 4

“BLANKS” are thread-like structures in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. A “BLANK” consists of a long strand of DNA containing many genes.

Answer 4

Chromosome

Question 5

a molecule made up of nucleotides that contains genetic information for cell growth, division and function.

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

A “BLANK” is a segment on a chromosome that determines a specific trait. “BLANKS” are the units of heredity.

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

a different form or version of a gene - usually occur in pairs.

Answer 7

allele

Question 8

a gene variant that is expressed more strongly than other versions of the same gene - this allele masks the effect of the recessive allele.

Answer 8

dominant

Question 9

a gene that is masked by a dominant gene, and is only expressed when two copies of the gene are present.

Answer 9

recessive

Question 10

the genetic make up or code of an organism.

Ex: BB, Bb, bb

Answer 10

genotype

Question 11

the observable traits or physical appearance of an organism.

Ex: brown eyes or blue eyes

Answer 11

phenotype

Question 12

If an organism has two of the same kind of gene for a trait, it is called pure or “BLANK”.

Answer 12

homozygous

Example: Homozygous brown eyes (BB) ~ Homozygous blue eyes (bb)

Question 13

An organism with two different alleles for a trait is called “BLANK” or hybrid.

Example: A “BLANK” tall plant (Tt) expresses the dominant allele (T or tall) and thus, is tall.

Answer 13

heterozygous