Genetics Vocab (Chapters 12 and 15)

Question 1

Trisomy 21

Answer 1

Commonly referred to as Down Syndrome, 3 copies of chromosome 21

Question 2

Homozygous

Answer 2

Having no identical alleles for a particular trait

Question 3

Homozygous recessive

Answer 3

tt

Question 4

Autosome

Answer 4

Chromosome that is NOT a sex chromosome

Question 5

Achondroplasia

Answer 5

Form of dwarfism in which the head and torso develop normally but the arms and legs are short; heterozygous (Aa) individuals
have the disorder

Question 6

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

A loss of 3 bases removes one amino acid causing a protein to fold improperly, preventing cell membrane from moving
chloride ions

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

Tt

Question 8

Probability

Answer 8

Likelihood that a particular event will occur

Question 9

Gamete

Answer 9

Sex cell (sperm/egg)

Question 10

Principle of dominance

Answer 10

States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

Question 11

Hybrid

Answer 11

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 12

F1-generation

Answer 12

Offspring of the P-generation

Question 13

Fertilization

Answer 13

Process in a sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Question 14

Sex Chromosome

Answer 14

One of two chromosomes that determines an individuals sex

Question 15

Segregation

Answer 15

Separation of alleles during gamete formation

Question 16

Female sex chromosomes

Answer 16

XX

Question 17

F2-Generation

Answer 17

Offspring of the F1-generation

Question 18

P-generation

Answer 18

Original pair in a genetic cross

Question 19

Sex-linked gene

Answer 19

Gene located on a sex chromosome.

Question 20

Sickle Cell Disease

Answer 20

Common in individuals of African descent, red blood cells form a sickle shape

Question 21

Allele

Answer 21

One of a number of diffèrent forms of a gene

Question 22

Multiple Alleles

Answer 22

A gene that has 2 or more alleles

Question 23

Genome

Answer 23

Entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA

Question 24

Male sex chromosomes

Answer 24

XY

Question 25

Punnet Square

Answer 25

Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of genetic crosses

Question 26

Genetics

Answer 26

Scientific study of heredity

Question 27

Pedigree

Answer 27

Chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationship within a family across several
generations

Question 28

Heterozygous

Answer 28

Having two different alleles for a trait

Question 29

Genotype

Answer 29

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 30

Polygenic Trait

Answer 30

Trait controlled by 2 or more alleles. Shows a wide variety of phenotypes

Question 31

Homozygous dominant

Answer 31

TT

Question 32

Karyotype

Answer 32

Micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size

Question 33

Codominance

Answer 33

Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

Question 34

Gene

Answer 34

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait, Passed from parent to offpring

Question 35

Nondisjunction

Answer 35

Error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly

Question 36

Hemophilia

Answer 36

Common in males of European descent, a defective form of a clotting factor prevents the blood from clotting

Question 37

Trait

Answer 37

Specifie characteristie that varies between individuals

Question 38

Phenotype

Answer 38

Physical characteristics of an organism

Question 39

Independent assortment

Answer 39

States that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes without influencing cach
other’s inheritance

Question 40

Incomplete dominance

Answer 40

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele