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High School Genetics > Genetics Vocab > Flashcards

Genetics Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

TRAITS

A

A feature of an organism

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2
Q

Fates

A

Ultimate outcome

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3
Q

Inheritance

A

Something passed down from your parents

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4
Q

DNA

A

Deoxbriboneucleic acid

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5
Q

Double helix

A

Shape of a DNA strand

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6
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure in all living cells that consists of a single strand of DNA

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7
Q

Haploid

A

Having same amount of sets of chromosomes as germ cells or half the diploid number of somatic cells

Haploid (N)

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8
Q

Diploid

A

Two copies of genetic material. 2n

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9
Q

Trisomy

A

When there are 3 copies of 1 chromosome.

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10
Q

Karyotype

A

The number and visual appearance of the chromosome

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11
Q

Gene

A

Fundamental building blocks of DNA

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12
Q

Homologous

A

Being similar in anatomical position but not having the same function

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13
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Procedure diagnosis fetal defects in the early second trimester

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14
Q

Zygote

A

Cell formed by sperm and egg. It develops into the embryo following the genetic code

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15
Q

Gamete

A

Sex cells produced by each parent for reproduction.

Sperm and eggs

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16
Q

Centromere

A

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules attach during cell division.

17
Q

Telomere

A

Repetitive nucleotide at each end of the chromosome

18
Q

Nitrogen bases

A

Found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, it helps form nucleosides

19
Q

Phosphoric acid

A

Found in DNA. A double helix. A building block.

20
Q

Deoxyribose

A

The sugar component in he side chains of DNA

21
Q

MRNA

A

Messenger RNA

It’s job is to determine the amino acid sequence in proteins

22
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA

job to read the message of nucleic acid. This is called translation.

23
Q

Uracil

A

A base in RNA

This is instead of thymine

24
Q

Replication

A

Process of making a copy of a section of DNA

25
Q

Transcription

A

A part of mRNA is decoded to produce amino acids

26
Q

Watson and Crick

A

Discovered DNA

27
Q

Base percentages

A

A 16%
T 16%
C 34%
G 34 %

28
Q

Nucleotide

A

Building block of DNA and RNA

Consists of one base and one sugar of phosphate acid

29
Q

Codon

A

A set of three adjacent nucleotides on one end of mRNA

30
Q

Anticodon

A

A set of three adjacent nucleotides on one end of tRNA

31
Q

Amino acids

A

A molecule consisting of the base amino

32
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids

33
Q

Start codon

A

The first codon of a mRNA

34
Q

Stop codon

A

A nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals the termination of translation

35
Q

XX

A

Female

36
Q

XY

A

Male

37
Q

DNA code to mRNA

A

A - U
T - A
C - G
G - C

High School Genetics (1 decks)

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