Genetics Unit Flashcards
Test prep
what does meiosis make
sex cells (sperm and egg)
whats it called when cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up. When two chromosomes — one from the mother and one from the father — line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched
Crossing over
The phase in meiosis when Homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing-over occurs.
Metaphase 1
what process makes 4 daughter cells (genetically different)
meiosis
An allele that is always masked by another allele and is only expressed when homozygous is
recessive
How many cell divisions are in meiosis
2
Having two different copies of the same allele
Heterozygus
Which phase is when sister chromatids are at the poles, 4 new nuclei form around them. After this phase 4 haploid daughter cells are formed.
Telophase 2
How many chromosomes are in a human egg?
23
This is a type of genetic recombination in Sexual Reproduction
Independent assortment
Haploid Cells are
Sex cells (sperm and egg)
whats a characteristic that varies from one individual to another
trait
The genetic makeup of a trait is called
genotype
Initial cell created from the combination of a sperm and an egg. (Fertlized Egg) is called
Zygote
whats the process in sexual reproduction where a sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female randomly unite to form a zygote
Random Fertilization
non sex cells are called
somatic cells
This process allows somatic cells to divide (brain, skin, muscle, etc)
Mitosis
Homologous chromosomes line up on equator of the cell
Metaphase 1 & 2
Type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells that each have HALF the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis
An allele that is always expressed (it overshadows another allele)
Dominant
What is the end product of meiosis?
4 genetically different sperm and egg
what causes the most genetic diversity\variation
crossing over
What are gametes?
sperm and egg
Sperm and egg are
gametes produced by meiosis
Having two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
After this process occurs, each chromosome has an equal chance of being distributed to either pole of the cell during cell division, leading to varied combinations of genes in the sperm or egg cells
Independent assortment
Chromosomes are at the poles, two new nuclei are formed around chromosomes. After this phase two diploid cells are formed.
Telophase 1
A cell containing two full sets of chromosomes (one from father and one from mother).
Diploid
The process of combining a sperm and an egg
Fertilization
Different versions of a gene given by parents
Allele
