Genetics Test Flashcards
The double helix describes the shape of what?
DNA
The blending together of the genes for a trait result in what?
Incomplete Dominance
The physical appearance of an organism is called its what?
Phenotype
Example having blue eyes
What uses lines and symbols to trace a trait from one generation to another?
Pedigree
What shows the genetic possibilities of a particular trait that can result for offspring of a specific pair of parents?
Punnet Square
What is a genetic disease that affects a persons lungs and digestive system?
Cystic fibrosis
What is a genetic disease that causes a persons red blood cells to be hard and curved?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s an inherited physical characteristic called?
Traits (don’t confuse with phenotype—phenotype is (genetics) the appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees while trait is an identifying characteristic, habit or trend.)
Small sections of DNA that control the traits of an organism are called what?
Genes
What is the molecule carrying the chemical code that tells cells what to do?
DNA
Who discovered the shape of the DNA molecule?
Francis Crick and James Watson
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered what? 
The shape of the DNA molecule
What is heredity?
Passing of traits from parent to offspring (example: you get your blue eyes from your mom, that is what you inherited from her)
What geneticist used squares to determine genetic outcomes and predict probabilities?
Reginald Punnett
What are purebred plants?
A plant is purebred if it shows the same trait for many generations when naturally pollinated
This type of gene is always expressed if it is present in a persons chromosomes
Dominant
What occurs when a chromosome makes an extra copy of itself, which causes some disabilities?
Down Syndrome
What is the difference in the same trait and is why siblings don’t exactly look like?
Variations of traits
What factors can affect an organisms traits?
Inherited and environmental factors
What are tightly coiled strands of DNA found in cells called?
Chromosome
What is a characteristic hidden in the hybrid generation but appears in later generations when no dominant factor is inherited?
A recessive trait (for example a grandparent has blue eyes both parents of a child have brown eyes but the child is born with blue eyes)
What is the difference between a hybrid and purebred
A purebred plant has gene pairs that are the same a hybrid plant has gene pairs that are different (An example with dogs two black labs bred together makes a purebred black lab; a black lab and a poodle bred together makes a hybrid dog of a Labradoodle)
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What is an example of a sex linked trait?
Color blindness
What is changing a gene or moving some of one organisms genes into another organism called?
Genetic engineering
