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Biology Flashcards (all) > Genetics Terms > Flashcards

Genetics Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compare DNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotes: DNA in nucleus
Prokaryotes: DNA in nucleoid region

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA and the proteins that help it coil;

Contains many genes

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3
Q
A

Chromosome (has been replicated)

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4
Q

Gene

A

Specific sequence of DNA that codes for a protein

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5
Q

How do genes code for proteins?

A

The order of nucleotides determines amino acid sequence; transcription and translation

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6
Q

Central Dogma

A

DNA codes for RNA codes for proteins

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7
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in DNA

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8
Q

Types of gene mutations

A

Substitutions or Insertion/deletions

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9
Q

Types of substitution mutations

A

Nonsense, missense, silent

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10
Q

Nonsense mutation

A

When a codon is changed to produce a stop codon instead of an amino acid

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11
Q

Missense mutation

A

When a codon is changed to produce a different amino acid than original

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12
Q

Silent mutation

A

A mutation that does not cause any change to the amino acid sequence of a protein

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13
Q

Genotype

A

Combination of genes in an organism

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14
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical, heritable traits

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15
Q

Allele

A

Different version of a gene (caused by mutation)

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16
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA in a loosened form

17
Q

Genome

A

All genes in an organism

18
Q

Describe the human genome

A

23 unique chromosomes in two pairs

19
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

In humans, X and Y
XX = female
XY = male

20
Q

Two parts of the cell cycle

A

Interphase and M phase

21
Q

Three parts of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

22
Q

Parts of M phase

A

Nuclear division, then cell division

23
Q

G1

A

Growth

24
Q

S

A

DNA replication occurs

25
Q

Two types of nuclear division

A

Mitosis and meiosis

26
Q

Products of mitosis

A

Two identical, diploid nuclei

27
Q

Products of meiosis

A

Four unique, haploid nuclei

28
Q

Haploid

A

Containing one set of chromosomes

29
Q

Diploid

A

Containing two sets of chromosomes

30
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cell (except its nucleus)

31
Q

What form of DNA is this?

A

Chromatin

Biology Flashcards (all) (3 decks)

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