Genetics Terms

Question 1

Compare DNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Answer 1

Eukaryotes: DNA in nucleus
Prokaryotes: DNA in nucleoid region

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

DNA and the proteins that help it coil;

Contains many genes

Question 3

Answer 3

Chromosome (has been replicated)

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Specific sequence of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 5

How do genes code for proteins?

Answer 5

The order of nucleotides determines amino acid sequence; transcription and translation

Question 6

Central Dogma

Answer 6

DNA codes for RNA codes for proteins

Question 7

Mutation

Answer 7

Any change in DNA

Question 8

Types of gene mutations

Answer 8

Substitutions or Insertion/deletions

Question 9

Types of substitution mutations

Answer 9

Nonsense, missense, silent

Question 10

Nonsense mutation

Answer 10

When a codon is changed to produce a stop codon instead of an amino acid

Question 11

Missense mutation

Answer 11

When a codon is changed to produce a different amino acid than original

Question 12

Silent mutation

Answer 12

A mutation that does not cause any change to the amino acid sequence of a protein

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

Combination of genes in an organism

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

Physical, heritable traits

Question 15

Allele

Answer 15

Different version of a gene (caused by mutation)

Question 16

Chromatin

Answer 16

DNA in a loosened form

Question 17

Genome

Answer 17

All genes in an organism

Question 18

Describe the human genome

Answer 18

23 unique chromosomes in two pairs

Question 19

Sex chromosomes

Answer 19

In humans, X and Y
XX = female
XY = male

Question 20

Two parts of the cell cycle

Answer 20

Interphase and M phase

Question 21

Three parts of interphase

Answer 21

G1, S, G2

Question 22

Parts of M phase

Answer 22

Nuclear division, then cell division

Question 23

G1

Answer 23

Growth

Question 24

S

Answer 24

DNA replication occurs

Question 25

Two types of nuclear division

Answer 25

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 26

Products of mitosis

Answer 26

Two identical, diploid nuclei

Question 27

Products of meiosis

Answer 27

Four unique, haploid nuclei

Question 28

Haploid

Answer 28

Containing one set of chromosomes

Question 29

Diploid

Answer 29

Containing two sets of chromosomes

Question 30

Cytokinesis

Answer 30

Division of the cell (except its nucleus)

Question 31

What form of DNA is this?

Answer 31

Chromatin