Genetics Teratogenesis and Malformation

Question 1

Define teratogen

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Answer 1

Define teratogen

A teratogen is an environment factor that can produce a permanent abnormality in structure or function, restriction of growth, or death of the embryo or foetus

Question 2

Disruption refers to […] (give example)

Deformation refers to […] (give example)

Malformation refers to […] (give example)

Answer 2

Disruption refers to a defect that rises as a result of breakdown in or interference with a normal developmental process

eg. amniotic band syndrome (give example)

Deformation refers to a defect that arises as a result of non-disruptive mechanical forces on a normal tissue/structure

eg. another fetus (twin’s feet pressing on each other) (give a slightly abnormal shape) (give example)

Malformation refers to a defect that arises as a result of intrinsically abnormal tissues

eg. cleft palate, neural tube defect, congenital heart defect (give example)

Question 3

Give 3 examples of teratogens that are known to give rise to recognizable patterns of anomalies

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Answer 3

Question 4

What are the common teratogens categories? Give examples from each.

1. […]
2. […]
3. […]
4. […]

Answer 4

What are the common teratogens categories? Give examples from each.

1. Drugs/Toxins
2. Congenital Infections
3. Environmental exposure
4. **Maternal disease **

Question 5

What kind of agent can potentially be a teratogen?

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Answer 5

Question 6

When is an embryo most resistant and vulnerable during embryonic life?

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Answer 6

When is an embryo most resistant and vulnerable during embryonic life?

**- first two weeks most resistant
(good news bc some ppl dont know they are pregnant on the first two weeks) (first 4 weeks after last menstrual period)

- 3rd to 10th week most susceptible (5th to 12th week after last menstrual period)