Genetics Stuff

Question 1

Having two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

Answer 1

Diploid

Question 2

Chromosomes that have the same Genesis the same location as another chromosome but may have different alleles

Answer 2

Homologous chromosomes

Question 3

Body cell; cell that is not a gamete; always diploid

Answer 3

Somatic cell

Question 4

Alternative version of a gene

Answer 4

Allele

Question 5

In a eukaryotic cell, process of dividing the cell’s nucleus and genetic material between two daughter cells

Answer 5

Mitosis

Question 6

A variation of mitosis in which daughter cells receive half the number of chromosomes in the parent cell

Answer 6

Meiosis

Question 7

Cell that decides to produce eggs or sperm

Answer 7

Germ cell

Question 8

Haploid cell that carries one parents genes into the next generation

Answer 8

Gamete

Question 9

Having a complete pair of chromosomes

Answer 9

Haploid

Question 10

Process in which a sperm and an egg unite, bringing together 2 haploid

Answer 10

Fertilization

Question 11

Having 2 copies of each chromosomes

Answer 11

Diploid

Question 12

Science in heredity

Answer 12

Genetics

Question 13

Alternate form that a single gene ,at have a particular trait

Answer 13

Alleles

Question 14

Organism with two of the same alleles for a special trait

Answer 14

Homozygous

Question 15

Organism with two different alleles for a special trait

Answer 15

Heterozygous

Question 16

Mendels name for a special trait that appeared in the F1 generation

Answer 16

Dominant

Question 17

Mendels name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation

Answer 17

Recessive

Question 18

An organism’s allele pair

Answer 18

Genotypes

Question 19

Observable characteristics that is expressed as a result of an allele pair

Answer 19

Phenotype

Question 20

Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Answer 20

Law of segregation

Question 21

Organisms heterozygous for a specific trait

Answer 21

Hybrid

Question 22

Mendelians law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes

Answer 22

Law of independent assortment

Question 23

What is the function of mitosis?

Answer 23

The process of dividing the cells nucleus of genetic material between two daughter cells

Question 24

What are the stages of interphase and how does it relate to the cell cycle?

Answer 24

G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase

Question 25

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 25

S phase of interphase

Question 26

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 26

Interfase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I

Question 27

How are the sister chromatids of a chromosome similar?

Answer 27

Sister chromatid – structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication. Chromosomes – DNA containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another.

Question 28

Give him example of a diploid cell and a haploid cell. What is the difference between these two types of cells?

Answer 28

Diploid example: bones, muscles, brain, eye. Haploid example: sperm and egg cell. Diploid contains two complete sets of chromosomes. Haploid contains half of the number of chromosomes the diploid has.

Question 29

Define fertilization.

Answer 29

Process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2 n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent.

Question 30

What are sex cells called?

Answer 30

X-linked trait

Question 31

What is the importance of meiosis?

Answer 31

To make more cells

Question 32

How many cells are produced by meiosis?

Answer 32

4

Question 33

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 33

One of two pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location

Question 34

How are the homologous chromosomes similar to one another and how are they different?

Answer 34

Homologous chromosomes are 2 sister chromatids stuck together. They have similar genes but not necessarily the same alleles, so they could carry hair color, one with brown the other with blonde. Then homologous chromosomes share the same gene. They are similar but they aren't identical. Each carries the same genes in the same order but the alleles for each trait may not be the same.

Question 35

Where are the alleles Hh found within an organism's cell?

Answer 35

Found on chromosomes

Question 36

When do homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis?

Answer 36

Wrong answer

Question 37

What process in prophase one increases genetic recombination?

Answer 37

Crossing over of chromosomes

Question 38

Sister chromatids separate during what phase of meiosis?

Answer 38

Anaphase

Question 39

How many chromosomes would a cell have during metaphase 1 of meiosis if it has 24 chromosomes during interphase?

Answer 39

24

Question 40

If there are 120 chromosomes in the nucleus of a radish stem cell, a radish egg cell would contain how many chromosomes?

Answer 40

60 chromosomes

Question 41

What is nondisjunction?

Answer 41

Cell division in which the sister chromatids do not separate correctly, resulting, in gametes, with an abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 42

Why were peas a good choice for Mendel's work?

Answer 42

Because there is no in between. they are either really short or tall; they also grow fast and they're easy to raise

Question 43

If Mendel crossed purebred tall pea plants with purebred short pea plants and the F1 produced all talk plants, what would the suggest about this type of inheritance?

Answer 43

Dominant

Question 44

Define genotype

Answer 44

Organisms make up

Question 45

Define phenotype

Answer 45

What an organism looks like, physical traits

Question 46

Define Allele

Answer 46

One of the alternative versions of a gene for a character

Question 47

Define homozygous

Answer 47

Organism that has two identical alleles for a gene

Question 48

Define heterozygous

Answer 48

Organism that has two different alleles for a gene

Question 49

Define Punnett square

Answer 49

Diagram that shows possible combinations of gametes

Question 50

List Mendel's 2 laws and explain each

Answer 50

A) law of independent assortment - Mendelians law stating that a random distribution of all allele occurs during the formation of gametes. B) law of segregation - Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Question 51

What is the difference between and monohybrid and a dihybrid cross?

Answer 51

G