Genetics study guide Flashcards
List five roles that genetic counselors fill
1- Take a family’s history
2- Construct a pedigree
3-determine type of inheritance
4-Suggest and arrange for testing
5- Provide support
What’s a Karyotype
Shows abnormalities in chromosomes
Differentiate between a genome and a exome
Genome-All an organisms DNA
Exome- an organisms DNA that codes for proteins
What are used to “cut” DNA strands for analysis
Restriction enzymes
What does PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) do
Produces large amounts of DNA
What does DNA fingerprinting show
Shows unique individual patterns in DNA
Differentiate between cloning and gene therapy
Cloning-Produces large amounts of compounds for treatment
Gene Therapy- using and inactive gene to replace a defective or missing gene
Who is the “Father of Genetics”
Gregor mendal
What did the blended theory of inheritance suggest
Genetic material of offspring is a uniform blend of the parents genetic material
Differentiate between a genotype and a phenotype
Genotype- Genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype- Physical characteristics of an organism
What are alleles
Genes that exist in different forms
Differentiate between a dominant and a recessive gene
Dominant is always expressed when present while recessive genes are only expressed when there are no dominant genes being expressed
Round seed (R) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (r) Records the genotypes and phenotypes
Homozygous dominant-RR ROUND SEEDS
Heterozygous-Rr ROUND SEEDS
Homozygous recessive-rr WRINKLED SEEDS
Round seed (R) are dominant over wrinkled seeds (r) Records the genotypes and phenotypes
Homozygous dominant-RR ROUND SEEDS
Heterozygous-Rr ROUND SEEDS
Homozygous recessive-rr WRINKLED SEEDS
What does Mendel’s law of dominance state
Dominant allele will mask an recessive allele (Heterozygous-Rr)
What does a Punnett square show
Possible genetic outcomes
What does a pedigree show
Inheritance of genetic traits
Differentiate between monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross
Monohybrid- Possible outcome of one trait
Dihybrid- Possible genetic combinations of two traits at a time
State Mendel’s law of segregation
Separating alleles and each gamete (egg or sperm) will recessive just 1 allele
State Mendel’s law of independent assortment
Alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another
What occurs when you have a case of incomplete dominance
Expressed when a heterozygous phenotypes exhibits a blend of the two alleles it possesses
Give an example of incomplete dominance
Snapdragon flower
What is codominance
Expressed as a heterozygous phenotype with both alleles being displayed at the same time
Give an example of codominance
Camellia flower
What is polygenic inheritance
Expressed when multiple genes each make a small contribution to the overall phenotype
give 3 examples of treats that exhibit polygenic inheritance
-Skin color
-Fingerprints
-Hair
What are sex-linked traits
genes found in sex chromosomes
Give 2 examples of sex-linked traits
-Hemophilia
-Color blindness
