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Biology A-Level > GENETICS QUIZ > Flashcards

GENETICS QUIZ Flashcards

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1
Q

What term refers to the total number of different alleles in a population?

A

Allele frequency / gene frequency

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2
Q

What is the lining up of chromosomes in different orders along the equator referred to as?

A

Independent segregation

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3
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

Makes ribosomes

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4
Q

What type of classification groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships?

A

Phylogenetic classification

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5
Q

What are 2 sources of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

A
  • Crossing over

- Independent segregation

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6
Q

During transcription, what is reading the open DNA to make a sequence of complementary bases?

A

RNA polymerase

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7
Q

Why do we carry out random sampling?

A

To prevent sampling bias

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8
Q

How could you describe other types of eukaryotic DNA? (not found in the nucleus)

A

Short

Not associated with proteins

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9
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A
  • Eukarya
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
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10
Q

What is meant by the term proteome?

A

Complete set of proteins coded for

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11
Q

During translation, how many tRNA molecules can attach to the ribosome at one time?

A

2 (?)

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12
Q

What variation is described when talking about members of the same species differing from one another?

A

Intraspecific variation

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13
Q

What variation is described when talking about members of different species differing from one another?

A

Interspecific variation

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14
Q

What type of cells are formed during meiosis?

A

Haploid

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15
Q

What is different from pre-mRNA and mRNA?

A

Introns are removed (?)

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16
Q

What is a triplet on an mRNA molecule referred as?

A

A codon

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17
Q

Why is splicing needed during transcription?

A

To remove the introns

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18
Q

Which base pairs bond with two hydrogen bonds?

A

A and T

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19
Q

Which base pairs bond with three hydrogen bonds?

A

C and G

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20
Q

What type of bond is formed between the amino acids during translation?

A

Peptide

21
Q

What shape is tRNA?

A

Clover

22
Q

Does tRNA contain a codon or an anticodon?

A

Anticodon

23
Q

What does a large standard deviation indicate in terms of range / variety?

A

A high range / variety

24
Q

What is a triplet on a tRNA molecule referred as?

A

An anticodon

25
Q

What are some facts about mRNA?

A

Short lifetime
Single stranded
Present in transcription AND translation

26
Q

What type of classification groups organisms based on differences useful at the time?

A

Artificial classification

27
Q

If an organism had 4 homologous pairs, how many chromosome combinations can be produced?

A

16

28
Q

Where does the first name of a species come from?

A

Genus

29
Q

What can reduce species diversity in agriculture?

A

Overgrazing
Draining wetlands
Monocultures

30
Q

How do we name species?

A

Binomial system

31
Q

How many homologous pairs do eukaryotes contain?

A

23

32
Q

How can we compare genetic diversity between species?

A

Observable characteristics
DNA sequences
Amino acid sequences

33
Q

What are some facts about tRNA?

A

Short molecule
Folded into clover shape
Contains an anticodon

34
Q

Where does the second name of a species come from?

A

Species

35
Q

Where else can DNA be found in eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitochondia

Chloroplasts

36
Q

Define the term gene.

A

A section of DNA at a specific position

37
Q

Define taxonomy

A

Theory and practice of classification

38
Q

What are the differences between RNA and DNA structure?

A

DNA is longer
RNA codes for uracil
RNA has a ribose sugar
DNA double stranded

39
Q

What classifies organisms into the domain bacteria?

A

No histones associated with DNA

40
Q

What is the protein associated with DNA?

A

Histone

41
Q

What are the taxonomic ranks in order? (8)

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
42
Q

Where is DNA found in a prokaryote?

A

In the cytoplasm

43
Q

The term for chromosomes not separating during meiosis?

A

Non-disjunction

44
Q

What factors contribute to a species?

A

Can breed to produce fertile offspring

45
Q

DNA is described as a degenerate code…what does this mean?

A

More than one triplet can code for the same amino acid

46
Q

How do you write the scientific names of species?

A

Underlined + italics + first letter of name uppercase

47
Q

What is meant by the term genome?

A

Complete set of genes in a cell

48
Q

DNA is described as a universal code…what does this mean?

A

Universal across all organisms

Biology A-Level (54 decks)

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