GENETICS QUIZ Flashcards
What term refers to the total number of different alleles in a population?
Allele frequency / gene frequency
What is the lining up of chromosomes in different orders along the equator referred to as?
Independent segregation
What is the role of rRNA?
Makes ribosomes
What type of classification groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships?
Phylogenetic classification
What are 2 sources of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?
- Crossing over
- Independent segregation
During transcription, what is reading the open DNA to make a sequence of complementary bases?
RNA polymerase
Why do we carry out random sampling?
To prevent sampling bias
How could you describe other types of eukaryotic DNA? (not found in the nucleus)
Short
Not associated with proteins
What are the 3 domains?
- Eukarya
- Archaea
- Bacteria
What is meant by the term proteome?
Complete set of proteins coded for
During translation, how many tRNA molecules can attach to the ribosome at one time?
2 (?)
What variation is described when talking about members of the same species differing from one another?
Intraspecific variation
What variation is described when talking about members of different species differing from one another?
Interspecific variation
What type of cells are formed during meiosis?
Haploid
What is different from pre-mRNA and mRNA?
Introns are removed (?)
What is a triplet on an mRNA molecule referred as?
A codon
Why is splicing needed during transcription?
To remove the introns
Which base pairs bond with two hydrogen bonds?
A and T
Which base pairs bond with three hydrogen bonds?
C and G
What type of bond is formed between the amino acids during translation?
Peptide
What shape is tRNA?
Clover
Does tRNA contain a codon or an anticodon?
Anticodon
What does a large standard deviation indicate in terms of range / variety?
A high range / variety
What is a triplet on a tRNA molecule referred as?
An anticodon
What are some facts about mRNA?
Short lifetime
Single stranded
Present in transcription AND translation
What type of classification groups organisms based on differences useful at the time?
Artificial classification
If an organism had 4 homologous pairs, how many chromosome combinations can be produced?
16
Where does the first name of a species come from?
Genus
What can reduce species diversity in agriculture?
Overgrazing
Draining wetlands
Monocultures
How do we name species?
Binomial system
How many homologous pairs do eukaryotes contain?
23
How can we compare genetic diversity between species?
Observable characteristics
DNA sequences
Amino acid sequences
What are some facts about tRNA?
Short molecule
Folded into clover shape
Contains an anticodon
Where does the second name of a species come from?
Species
Where else can DNA be found in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondia
Chloroplasts
Define the term gene.
A section of DNA at a specific position
Define taxonomy
Theory and practice of classification
What are the differences between RNA and DNA structure?
DNA is longer
RNA codes for uracil
RNA has a ribose sugar
DNA double stranded
What classifies organisms into the domain bacteria?
No histones associated with DNA
What is the protein associated with DNA?
Histone
What are the taxonomic ranks in order? (8)
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Where is DNA found in a prokaryote?
In the cytoplasm
The term for chromosomes not separating during meiosis?
Non-disjunction
What factors contribute to a species?
Can breed to produce fertile offspring
DNA is described as a degenerate code…what does this mean?
More than one triplet can code for the same amino acid
How do you write the scientific names of species?
Underlined + italics + first letter of name uppercase
What is meant by the term genome?
Complete set of genes in a cell
DNA is described as a universal code…what does this mean?
Universal across all organisms
