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Forgettable subjects with few or one test > Genetics questions > Flashcards

Genetics questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of heredity?
o A. Protein
o B. RNA
o C. Gene
o D. Chromosome

A

o C. Gene

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2
Q

Which molecule carries the genetic instructions in most living organisms?
o A. DNA
o B. RNA
o C. Protein
o D. Lipid

A

o A. DNA

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3
Q

Which process results in the formation of two identical daughter cells?
o A. Meiosis
o B. Mitosis
o C. Binary fission
o D. Crossing over

A

o B. Mitosis

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4
Q

Who is known as the father of genetics?
o A. Charles Darwin
o B. Gregor Mendel
o C. James Watson
o D. Francis Crick

A

o B. Gregor Mendel

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5
Q

Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?
o A. Adenine
o B. Thymine
o C. Cytosine
o D. Uracil

A

o B. Thymine

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6
Q

What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
o A. Genes are located on chromosomes
o B. Genes are made of proteins
o C. Genes control all cell functions
o D. Genes are found in the cytoplasm

A

o A. Genes are located on chromosomes

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7
Q

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
o A. Prophase
o B. Metaphase
o C. Anaphase
o D. Telophase

A

o B. Metaphase

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8
Q

What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis?
o A. To replicate DNA
o B. To produce gametes
o C. To increase genetic diversity
o D. To create identical daughter cells

A

o C. To increase genetic diversity

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9
Q

Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
o A. tRNA
o B. mRNA
o C. rRNA
o D. miRNA

A

o B. mRNA

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10
Q

What are histones?
o A. Enzymes that replicate DNA
o B. Proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes
o C. RNA molecules involved in translation
o D. Lipids that form the cell membrane

A

o B. Proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes

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11
Q

Which scientist(s) discovered the structure of DNA?
o A. Watson and Crick
o B. Mendel
o C. Darwin
o D. Hershey and Chase

A

o A. Watson and Crick

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12
Q

What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
o A. To replicate DNA
o B. To cut DNA at specific sequences
o C. To transcribe RNA
o D. To translate proteins

A

o B. To cut DNA at specific sequences

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13
Q

Which phase of meiosis includes crossing over?
o A. Metaphase I
o B. Anaphase I
o C. Prophase I
o D. Telophase I

A

o C. Prophase I

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14
Q

What are complementary base pairs in DNA?
o A. A-T and C-G
o B. A-G and C-T
o C. A-C and G-T
o D. A-U and C-G

A

o A. A-T and C-G

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15
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?
o A. Helicase
o B. DNA polymerase
o C. RNA polymerase
o D. Ligase

A

o B. DNA polymerase

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16
Q

What does “epistasis” refer to in genetics?
o A. A gene interaction where one gene masks the effect of another
o B. The expression of two dominant alleles
o C. The recombination of genes during crossing over
o D. The transcription of mRNA from DNA

A

o A. A gene interaction where one gene masks the effect of another

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17
Q

Which genetic disorder is caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21?
o A. Turner syndrome
o B. Klinefelter syndrome
o C. Down syndrome
o D. Patau syndrome

A

o C. Down syndrome

18
Q

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
o A. It transports amino acids to the ribosome
o B. It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome
o C. It forms the structure of the ribosome
o D. It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

A

o B. It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

19
Q

Which structure is involved in the regulation of gene expression through histone
modification?
o A. Promoter
o B. Enhancer
o C. Nucleosome
o D. Exon

A

o C. Nucleosome

20
Q

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?
o A. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments
o B. The leading strand is synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction
o C. The leading strand is made of RNA, while the lagging strand is made of DNA
o D. The leading strand forms first, while the lagging strand forms later

A

o A. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments

21
Q

What is a karyotype?
o A. A chart showing the sequence of genes on a chromosome
o B. A diagram representing the physical structure of a gene
o C. A profile of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size and shape
o D. A type of genetic mutation

A

o C. A profile of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size and shape

22
Q

Which type of RNA is involved in the splicing of pre-mRNA?
o A. tRNA
o B. rRNA
o C. snRNA
o D. miRNA

A

o C. snRNA

23
Q

Which genetic phenomenon is described by the phrase “one gene-one enzyme”?
o A. Each gene codes for a single protein
o B. Each gene is responsible for one metabolic pathway
o C. Each gene codes for one enzyme that affects multiple traits
o D. Each gene is linked to one specific disease

A

o A. Each gene codes for a single protein

24
Q

What is a Barr body?
o A. An inactivated X chromosome in female mammals
o B. A type of RNA molecule
o C. A protein involved in DNA replication
o D. A gene that regulates apoptosis

A

o A. An inactivated X chromosome in female mammals

25
Q

Which process increases genetic diversity during meiosis?
o A. DNA replication
o B. Chromosome segregation
o C. Independent assortment
o D. DNA repair

A

o C. Independent assortment

26
Q

Which genetic disorder is caused by a point mutation in the CFTR gene?
o A. Sickle cell anemia
o B. Cystic fibrosis
o C. Hemophilia
o D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

o B. Cystic fibrosis

27
Q

What is the function of telomerase?
o A. It synthesizes telomeres at the ends of chromosomes
o B. It repairs mismatched DNA
o C. It unwinds the DNA double helix
o D. It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

A

o A. It synthesizes telomeres at the ends of chromosomes

28
Q

Which enzyme is involved in the transcription of RNA from a DNA template?
o A. DNA polymerase
o B. RNA polymerase
o C. Helicase
o D. Ligase

A

o B. RNA polymerase

29
Q

What is the role of homeotic genes in development?
o A. They determine the identity of body segments
o B. They regulate cell cycle progression
o C. They code for structural proteins
o D. They protect the genome from mutations

A

o A. They determine the identity of body segments

30
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
o A. A state in which allele frequencies in a population remain constant over time
o B. A state in which all individuals in a population have the same genotype
o C. A measure of genetic diversity in a population
o D. A method for determining the sequence of a DNA molecule

A

o A. A state in which allele frequencies in a population remain constant over time

31
Q

What is the primary function of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gene
regulation?
* A. To code for proteins
* B. To serve as templates for mRNA
* C. To regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels
* D. To assist in DNA replication

A
  • C. To regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels
32
Q

In the context of mitochondrial inheritance, which statement is true?
* A. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited equally from both parents
* B. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother
* C. Mitochondrial DNA undergoes recombination
* D. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the father

A
  • B. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother
33
Q

What is the key characteristic of transposons that differentiates them from other
genetic elements?
* A. Their ability to be transcribed into mRNA
* B. Their ability to replicate independently of the host genome
* C. Their ability to move from one location to another within the genome
* D. Their role in protein synthesis

A
  • C. Their ability to move from one location to another within the genome
34
Q

Which genetic phenomenon describes a situation where one gene influences
multiple phenotypic traits?
* A. Epistasis
* B. Pleiotropy
* C. Polygenic inheritance
* D. Co-dominance

A
  • B. Pleiotropy
35
Q

In genetic mapping, what does a recombination frequency of 50% indicate?
* A. The genes are located on the same chromosome very close to each other
* B. The genes are located on different chromosomes
* C. The genes are very far apart on the same chromosome or on different chromosomes
* D. The genes are tightly linked

A
  • C. The genes are very far apart on the same chromosome or on different chromosomes
36
Q

Which type of mutation is characterized by the expansion of nucleotide repeat
sequences?
* A. Point mutation
* B. Deletion mutation
* C. Dynamic mutation
* D. Inversion mutation

A
  • C. Dynamic mutation
37
Q

What is the primary purpose of using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in
genetic analysis?
* A. To sequence DNA
* B. To amplify DNA fragments
* C. To detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on
chromosomes
* D. To separate DNA fragments based on size

A
  • C. To detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on
    chromosomes
38
Q

What is the defining feature of quantitative trait loci (QTL)?
* A. They code for a single gene that controls a trait
* B. They are regions of the genome that contribute to the variation in a quantitative trait
* C. They are genetic markers that indicate the presence of a specific trait
* D. They are loci that do not recombine during meiosis

A
  • B. They are regions of the genome that contribute to the variation in a quantitative trait
39
Q

In the context of epigenetics, what is the primary role of DNA methylation?
* A. To increase the rate of DNA replication
* B. To promote gene expression
* C. To silence gene expression
* D. To facilitate DNA repair

A
  • C. To silence gene expression
40
Q

What is the function of telomerase?
* A. It synthesizes telomeres at the ends of chromosomes
* B. It repairs mismatched DNA
* C. It unwinds the DNA double helix
* D. It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

A
  • A. It synthesizes telomeres at the ends of chromosomes

Forgettable subjects with few or one test (6 decks)

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